documentation/content/developer/reference/mixins.rst

.. _reference/mixins:

=========================
Mixins and Useful Classes
=========================

Odoo implements some useful classes and mixins that make it easy for you to add
often-used behaviours on your objects. This guide will details most of them, with
examples and use cases.

.. _reference/mixins/mail:

Messaging features
==================

.. _reference/mixins/mail/chatter:

Messaging integration
---------------------

Basic messaging system
''''''''''''''''''''''

Integrating messaging features to your model is extremely easy. Simply inheriting
the ``mail.thread`` model and adding the messaging fields (and their appropriate
widgets) to your form view will get you up and running in no time.

.. admonition:: Example

    Let's create a simplistic model representing a business trip. Since organizing
    this kind of trip usually involves a lot of people and a lot of discussion, let's
    add support for message exchange on the model.

    .. code-block:: python

        class BusinessTrip(models.Model):
            _name = 'business.trip'
            _inherit = ['mail.thread']
            _description = 'Business Trip'

            name = fields.Char()
            partner_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', 'Responsible')
            guest_ids = fields.Many2many('res.partner', 'Participants')

    In the form view:

    .. code-block:: xml

        <record id="businness_trip_form" model="ir.ui.view">
            <field name="name">business.trip.form</field>
            <field name="model">business.trip</field>
            <field name="arch" type="xml">
                <form string="Business Trip">
                    <!-- Your usual form view goes here
                    ...
                    Then comes chatter integration -->
                    <div class="oe_chatter">
                        <field name="message_follower_ids" widget="mail_followers"/>
                        <field name="message_ids" widget="mail_thread"/>
                    </div>
                </form>
            </field>
        </record>

Once you've added chatter support on your model, users can easily add messages
or internal notes on any record of your model; every one of those will send a
notification (to all followers for messages, to employee (*base.group_user*)
users for internal notes). If your mail gateway and catchall address are correctly
configured, these notifications will be sent by e-mail and can be replied-to directly
from your mail client; the automatic routing system will route the answer to the
correct thread.

Server-side, some helper functions are there to help you easily send messages and
to manage followers on your record:

.. rubric:: Posting messages

.. method:: message_post(self, body='', subject=None, message_type='notification', subtype=None, parent_id=False, attachments=None, **kwargs)

    Post a new message in an existing thread, returning the new
    mail.message ID.

    :param str body: body of the message, usually raw HTML that will
        be sanitized
    :param str message_type: see mail_message.message_type field
    :param int parent_id: handle reply to a previous message by adding the
        parent partners to the message in case of private discussion
    :param list(tuple(str,str)) attachments: list of attachment tuples in the form
        ``(name,content)``, where content is NOT base64 encoded
    :param `\**kwargs`: extra keyword arguments will be used as default column values for the
          new mail.message record
    :return: ID of newly created mail.message
    :rtype: int

.. method:: message_post_with_view(views_or_xmlid, **kwargs):

    Helper method to send a mail / post a message using a view_id to
    render using the ir.qweb engine. This method is stand alone, because
    there is nothing in template and composer that allows to handle
    views in batch. This method will probably disappear when templates
    handle ir ui views.

    :param str or ``ir.ui.view`` record: external id or record of the view that
        should be sent

.. method:: message_post_with_template(template_id, **kwargs)

    Helper method to send a mail with a template

    :param template_id: the id of the template to render to create the body of the message
    :param `\**kwargs`: parameter to create a mail.compose.message wizard (which inherit from mail.message)

.. rubric:: Receiving messages

These methods are called when a new e-mail is processed by the mail gateway. These
e-mails can either be new thread (if they arrive via an :ref:`alias <reference/mixins/mail/alias>`)
or simply replies from an existing thread. Overriding them allows you to set values
on the thread's record depending on some values from the email itself (i.e. update
a date or an e-mail address, add CC's addresses as followers, etc.).

.. method:: message_new(msg_dict, custom_values=None)

    Called by ``message_process`` when a new message is received
    for a given thread model, if the message did not belong to
    an existing thread.

    The default behavior is to create a new record of the corresponding
    model (based on some very basic info extracted from the message).
    Additional behavior may be implemented by overriding this method.

    :param dict msg_dict: a map containing the email details and
        attachments. See ``message_process`` and ``mail.message.parse`` for details
    :param dict custom_values: optional dictionary of additional
        field values to pass to create() when creating the new thread record;
        be careful, these values may override any other values coming from
        the message
    :rtype: int
    :return: the id of the newly created thread object

.. method:: message_update(msg_dict, update_vals=None)

    Called by ``message_process`` when a new message is received
    for an existing thread. The default behavior is to update the record
    with ``update_vals`` taken from the incoming email.

    Additional behavior may be implemented by overriding this
    method.

    :param dict msg_dict: a map containing the email details and attachments;
        see ``message_process`` and ``mail.message.parse()`` for details.
    :param dict update_vals: a dict containing values to update records given
        their ids; if the dict is None or is void, no write operation is performed.
    :return: True

.. rubric:: Followers management

.. method:: message_subscribe(partner_ids=None, channel_ids=None, subtype_ids=None, force=True)

    Add partners to the records followers.

    :param list(int) partner_ids: IDs of the partners that will be subscribed
        to the record
    :param list(int) channel_ids: IDs of the channels that will be subscribed
        to the record
    :param list(int) subtype_ids: IDs of the subtypes that the channels/partners
        will be subscribed to (defaults to the default subtypes if ``None``)
    :param force: if True, delete existing followers before creating new one
        using the subtypes given in the parameters
    :return: Success/Failure
    :rtype: bool


.. method:: message_unsubscribe(partner_ids=None, channel_ids=None)

    Remove partners from the record's followers.

    :param list(int) partner_ids: IDs of the partners that will be subscribed
        to the record
    :param list(int) channel_ids: IDs of the channels that will be subscribed
        to the record
    :return: True
    :rtype: bool


.. method:: message_unsubscribe_users(user_ids=None)

    Wrapper on message_subscribe, using users.

    :param list(int) user_ids: IDs of the users that will be unsubscribed
        to the record; if None, unsubscribe the current user instead.
    :return: True
    :rtype: bool


Logging changes
'''''''''''''''

The ``mail`` module adds a powerful tracking system on fields, allowing you
to log changes to specific fields in the record's chatter.

To add tracking to a field, simple add the track_visibility attribute with the
value ``True`` to be displayed in the notification only if the
field changed.

.. admonition:: Example

    Let's track changes on the name and responsible of our business trips:

    .. code-block:: python

        class BusinessTrip(models.Model):
            _name = 'business.trip'
            _inherit = ['mail.thread']
            _description = 'Business Trip'

            name = fields.Char(track_visibility=True)
            partner_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', 'Responsible',
                                         track_visibility=True)
            guest_ids = fields.Many2many('res.partner', 'Participants')

    From now on, every change to a trip's name or responsible will log a note
    on the record. The ``name`` field will be displayed in the notification as
    well to give more context about the notification (even if the name did not
    change).


Subtypes
''''''''

Subtypes give you more granular control over messages. Subtypes act as a classification
system for notifications, allowing subscribers to a document to customize the
subtype of notifications they wish to receive.

Subtypes are created as data in your module; the model has the following fields:

``name`` (mandatory) - :class:`~odoo.fields.Char`
    name of the subtype, will be displayed in the notification customization
    popup
``description`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Char`
    description that will be added in the message posted for this
    subtype. If void, the name will be added instead
``internal`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Boolean`
    messages with internal subtypes will be visible only by employees,
    aka members of the ``base.group_user`` group
``parent_id`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Many2one`
    link subtypes for automatic subscription; for example project subtypes are
    linked to task subtypes through this link. When someone is subscribed to
    a project, he will be subscribed to all tasks of this project with
    subtypes found using the parent subtype
``relation_field`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Char`
    as an example, when linking project and tasks subtypes, the relation
    field is the project_id field of tasks
``res_model`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Char`
    model the subtype applies to; if False, this subtype applies to all models
``default`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Boolean`
    whether the subtype is activated by default when subscribing
``sequence`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Integer`
    used to order subtypes in the notification customization popup
``hidden`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Boolean`
    whether the subtype is hidden in the notification customization popup


Interfacing subtypes with field tracking allows to subscribe to different kind
of notifications depending on what might interest users. To do this, you
can override the ``_track_subtype()`` function:

.. method:: _track_subtype(init_values)

    Give the subtype triggered by the changes on the record according
    to values that have been updated.

    :param dict init_values: the original values of the record; only modified fields
                        are present in the dict
    :returns: a subtype's full external id or False if no subtype is triggered


.. admonition:: Example

    Let's add a ``state`` field on our example class and trigger a notification
    with a specific subtype when this field change values.

    First, let's define our subtype:

    .. code-block:: xml

        <record id="mt_state_change" model="mail.message.subtype">
            <field name="name">Trip confirmed</field>
            <field name="res_model">business.trip</field>
            <field name="default" eval="True"/>
            <field name="description">Business Trip confirmed!</field>
        </record>


    Then, we need to override the ``track_subtype()`` function. This function
    is called by the tracking system to know which subtype should be used depending
    on the change currently being applied. In our case, we want to use our shiny new
    subtype when the ``state`` field changes from *draft* to *confirmed*:

    .. code-block:: python

        class BusinessTrip(models.Model):
            _name = 'business.trip'
            _inherit = ['mail.thread']
            _description = 'Business Trip'

            name = fields.Char(track_visibility=True)
            partner_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', 'Responsible',
                                         track_visibility=True)
            guest_ids = fields.Many2many('res.partner', 'Participants')
            state = fields.Selection([('draft', 'New'), ('confirmed', 'Confirmed')],
                                     track_visibility=True)

            def _track_subtype(self, init_values):
                # init_values contains the modified fields' values before the changes
                #
                # the applied values can be accessed on the record as they are already
                # in cache
                self.ensure_one()
                if 'state' in init_values and self.state == 'confirmed':
                    return 'my_module.mt_state_change'  # Full external id
                return super(BusinessTrip, self)._track_subtype(init_values)


Customizing notifications
'''''''''''''''''''''''''

When sending notifications to followers, it can be quite useful to add buttons in
the template to allow quick actions directly from the e-mail. Even a simple button
to link directly to the record's form view can be useful; however in most cases
you don't want to display these buttons to portal users.

The notification system allows customizing notification templates in the following
ways:

- Display *Access Buttons*: these buttons are visible at the top of the notification
  e-mail and allow the recipient to directly access the form view of the record
- Display *Follow Buttons*: these buttons allow the recipient to
  directly quickly subscribe from the record
- Display *Unfollow Buttons*: these buttons allow the recipient to
  directly quickly unsubscribe from the record
- Display *Custom Action Buttons*: these buttons are calls to specific routes
  and allow you to make some useful actions directly available from the e-mail (i.e.
  converting a lead to an opportunity, validating an expense sheet for an
  Expense Manager, etc.)

These buttons settings can be applied to different groups that you can define
yourself by overriding the function ``_notification_recipients``.

.. method:: _notification_recipients(message, groups)

    Give the subtype triggered by the changes on the record according
    to values that have been updated.

    :param ``record`` message: ``mail.message`` record currently being sent
    :param list(tuple) groups: list of tuple of the form (group_name, group_func,group_data) where:

        group_name
          is an identifier used only to be able to override and manipulate
          groups. Default groups are ``user`` (recipients linked to an employee user),
          ``portal`` (recipients linked to a portal user) and ``customer`` (recipients not
          linked to any user). An example of override use would be to add a group
          linked to a res.groups like Hr Officers to set specific action buttons to
          them.
        group_func
          is a function pointer taking a partner record as parameter. This
          method will be applied on recipients to know whether they belong to a given
          group or not. Only first matching group is kept. Evaluation order is the
          list order.
        group_data
          is a dict containing parameters for the notification email with the following
          possible keys - values:

          - has_button_access
              whether to display Access <Document> in email. True by default for
              new groups, False for portal / customer.
          - button_access
              dict with url and title of the button
          - has_button_follow
              whether to display Follow in email (if recipient is not currently
              following the thread). True by default for new groups, False for
              portal / customer.
          - button_follow
              dict with url and title of the button
          - has_button_unfollow
              whether to display Unfollow in email (if recipient is currently following the thread).
              True by default for new groups, False for portal / customer.
          - button_unfollow
              dict with url and title of the button
          - actions
              list of action buttons to display in the notification email.
              Each action is a dict containing url and title of the button.

    :returns: a subtype's full external id or False if no subtype is triggered


The urls in the actions list can be generated automatically by calling the
``_notification_link_helper()`` function:


.. method:: _notification_link_helper(self, link_type, **kwargs)

    Generate a link for the given type on the current record (or on a specific
    record if the kwargs ``model`` and ``res_id`` are set).

    :param str link_type: link type to be generated; can be any of these values:

        ``view``
          link to form view of the record
        ``assign``
          assign the logged user to the ``user_id`` field of
          the record (if it exists)
        ``follow``
          self-explanatory
        ``unfollow``
          self-explanatory
        ``method``
          call a method on the record; the method's name should be
          provided as the kwarg ``method``
        ``new``
          open an empty form view for a new record; you can specify
          a specific action by providing its id (database id or fully resolved
          external id) in the kwarg ``action_id``

    :returns: link of the type selected for the record
    :rtype: str

.. admonition:: Example

    Let's add a custom button to the Business Trip state change notification;
    this button will reset the state to Draft and will be only visible to a member
    of the (imaginary) group Travel Manager (``business.group_trip_manager``)

    .. code-block:: python

        class BusinessTrip(models.Model):
            _name = 'business.trip'
            _inherit = ['mail.thread', 'mail.alias.mixin']
            _description = 'Business Trip'

            # Pevious code goes here

            def action_cancel(self):
                self.write({'state': 'draft'})

            def _notification_recipients(self, message, groups):
                """ Handle Trip Manager recipients that can cancel the trip at the last
                minute and kill all the fun. """
                groups = super(BusinessTrip, self)._notification_recipients(message, groups)

                self.ensure_one()
                if self.state == 'confirmed':
                    app_action = self._notification_link_helper('method',
                                        method='action_cancel')
                    trip_actions = [{'url': app_action, 'title': _('Cancel')}]

                new_group = (
                    'group_trip_manager',
                    lambda partner: bool(partner.user_ids) and
                    any(user.has_group('business.group_trip_manager')
                    for user in partner.user_ids),
                    {
                        'actions': trip_actions,
                    })

                return [new_group] + groups


    Note that that I could have defined my evaluation function outside of this
    method and define a global function to do it instead of a lambda, but for
    the sake of being more brief and less verbose in these documentation files
    that can sometimes be boring, I choose the former instead of the latter.

Overriding defaults
'''''''''''''''''''

There are several ways you can customize the behaviour of ``mail.thread`` models,
including (but not limited to):

``_mail_post_access`` - :class:`~odoo.models.Model`  attribute
    the required access rights to be able to post a message on the model; by
    default a ``write`` access is needed, can be set to ``read`` as well

Context keys:
    These context keys can be used to somewhat control ``mail.thread`` features
    like auto-subscription or field tracking during calls to ``create()`` or
    ``write()`` (or any other method where it may be useful).

    - ``mail_create_nosubscribe``: at create or message_post, do not subscribe
      the current user to the record thread
    - ``mail_create_nolog``: at create, do not log the automatic '<Document>
      created' message
    - ``mail_notrack``: at create and write, do not perform the value tracking
      creating messages
    - ``tracking_disable``: at create and write, perform no MailThread features
      (auto subscription, tracking, post, ...)
    - ``mail_auto_delete``: auto delete mail notifications; True by default
    - ``mail_notify_force_send``: if less than 50 email notifications to send,
      send them directly instead of using the queue; True by default
    - ``mail_notify_user_signature``: add the current user signature in
      email notifications; True by default


.. _reference/mixins/mail/alias:

Mail alias
----------

Aliases are configurable email addresses that are linked to a specific record
(which usually inherits the ``mail.alias.mixin`` model) that will create new records when
contacted via e-mail. They are an easy way to make your system accessible from
the outside, allowing users or customers to quickly create records in your
database without needing to connect to Odoo directly.

Aliases vs. Incoming Mail Gateway
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

Some people use the Incoming Mail Gateway for this same purpose. You still need
a correctly configured mail gateway to use aliases, however a single
catchall domain will be sufficient since all routing will be done inside Odoo.
Aliases have several advantages over Mail Gateways:

* Easier to configure
    * A single incoming gateway can be used by many aliases; this avoids having
      to configure multiple emails on your domain name (all configuration is done
      inside Odoo)
    * No need for System access rights to configure aliases
* More coherent
    * Configurable on the related record, not in a Settings submenu
* Easier to override server-side
    * Mixin model is built to be extended from the start, allowing you to
      extract useful data from incoming e-mails more easily than with a mail
      gateway.


Alias support integration
'''''''''''''''''''''''''

Aliases are usually configured on a parent model which will then create specific
record when contacted by e-mail. For example, Project have aliases to create tasks
or issues, Sales Team have aliases to generate Leads.

.. note:: The model that will be created by the alias **must** inherit the
          ``mail_thread`` model.

Alias support is added by inheriting ``mail.alias.mixin``; this mixin will
generate a new ``mail.alias`` record for each record of the parent class that
gets created (for example, every ``project.project`` record having its ``mail.alias``
record initialized on creation).

.. note:: Aliases can also be created manually and supported by a simple
    :class:`~odoo.fields.Many2one` field. This guide assumes you wish a
    more complete integration with automatic creation of the alias, record-specific
    default values, etc.

Unlike ``mail.thread`` inheritance, the ``mail.alias.mixin`` **requires** some
specific overrides to work correctly. These overrides will specify the values
of the created alias, like the kind of record it must create and possibly
some default values these records may have depending on the parent object:

.. method:: get_alias_model_name(vals)

    Return the model name for the alias. Incoming emails that are not
    replies to existing records will cause the creation of a new record
    of this alias model. The value may depend on ``vals``, the dict of
    values passed to ``create`` when a record of this model is created.

    :param vals dict: values of the newly created record that will holding
                      the alias
    :return: model name
    :rtype: str

.. method:: get_alias_values()

    Return values to create an alias, or to write on the alias after its
    creation. While not completely mandatory, it is usually required to make
    sure that newly created records will be linked to the alias' parent (i.e.
    tasks getting created in the right project) by setting a dictionary of
    default values in the alias' ``alias_defaults`` field.

    :return: dictionary of values that will be written to the new alias
    :rtype: dict

The ``get_alias_values()`` override is particularly interesting as it allows you
to modify the behaviour of your aliases easily. Among the fields that can be set
on the alias, the following are of particular interest:

``alias_name`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Char`
    name of the email alias, e.g. 'jobs' if you want to catch emails for
    <jobs@example.odoo.com>
``alias_user_id`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Many2one` (``res.users``)
    owner of records created upon receiving emails on this alias;
    if this field is not set the system will attempt to find the right owner
    based on the sender (From) address, or will use the Administrator account
    if no system user is found for that address
``alias_defaults`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Text`
    Python dictionary that will be evaluated to provide
    default values when creating new records for this alias
``alias_force_thread_id`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Integer`
    optional ID of a thread (record) to which all incoming messages will be
    attached, even if they did not reply to it; if set, this will disable the
    creation of new records completely
``alias_contact`` - :class:`~odoo.fields.Selection`
    Policy to post a message on the document using the mailgateway

    - *everyone*: everyone can post
    - *partners*: only authenticated partners
    - *followers*: only followers of the related document or members of following channels

Note that aliases make use of :ref:`delegation inheritance <reference/orm/inheritance>`,
which means that while the alias is stored in another table, you have
access to all these fields directly from your parent object. This allows
you to make your alias easily configurable from the record's form view.

.. admonition:: Example

    Let's add aliases on our business trip class to create expenses on the fly via
    e-mail.

    .. code-block:: python

        class BusinessTrip(models.Model):
            _name = 'business.trip'
            _inherit = ['mail.thread', 'mail.alias.mixin']
            _description = 'Business Trip'

            name = fields.Char(track_visibility=True)
            partner_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', 'Responsible',
                                         track_visibility=True)
            guest_ids = fields.Many2many('res.partner', 'Participants')
            state = fields.Selection([('draft', 'New'), ('confirmed', 'Confirmed')],
                                     track_visibility=True)
            expense_ids = fields.One2many('business.expense', 'trip_id', 'Expenses')
            alias_id = fields.Many2one('mail.alias', string='Alias', ondelete="restrict",
                                       required=True)

            def get_alias_model_name(self, vals):
            """ Specify the model that will get created when the alias receives a message """
                return 'business.expense'

            def get_alias_values(self):
            """ Specify some default values that will be set in the alias at its creation """
                values = super(BusinessTrip, self).get_alias_values()
                # alias_defaults holds a dictionary that will be written
                # to all records created by this alias
                #
                # in this case, we want all expense records sent to a trip alias
                # to be linked to the corresponding business trip
                values['alias_defaults'] = {'trip_id': self.id}
                # we only want followers of the trip to be able to post expenses
                # by default
                values['alias_contact'] = 'followers'
                return values

        class BusinessExpense(models.Model):
            _name = 'business.expense'
            _inherit = ['mail.thread']
            _description = 'Business Expense'

            name = fields.Char()
            amount = fields.Float('Amount')
            trip_id = fields.Many2one('business.trip', 'Business Trip')
            partner_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', 'Created by')

    We would like our alias to be easily configurable from the form view of our
    business trips, so let's add the following to our form view:

    .. code-block:: xml

        <page string="Emails">
            <group name="group_alias">
                <label for="alias_name" string="Email Alias"/>
                <div name="alias_def">
                    <!-- display a link while in view mode and a configurable field
                    while in edit mode -->
                    <field name="alias_id" class="oe_read_only oe_inline"
                            string="Email Alias" required="0"/>
                    <div class="oe_edit_only oe_inline" name="edit_alias"
                         style="display: inline;" >
                        <field name="alias_name" class="oe_inline"/>
                        @
                        <field name="alias_domain" class="oe_inline" readonly="1"/>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <field name="alias_contact" class="oe_inline"
                        string="Accept Emails From"/>
            </group>
        </page>

    Now we can change the alias address directly from the form view and change
    who can send e-mails to the alias.

    We can then override ``message_new()`` on our expense model to fetch the values
    from our email when the expense will be created:

    .. code-block:: python

        class BusinessExpense(models.Model):
            # Previous code goes here
            # ...

            def message_new(self, msg, custom_values=None):
                """ Override to set values according to the email.

                In this simple example, we simply use the email title as the name
                of the expense, try to find a partner with this email address and
                do a regex match to find the amount of the expense."""
                name = msg_dict.get('subject', 'New Expense')
                # Match the last occurrence of a float in the string
                # Example: '50.3 bar 34.5' becomes '34.5'. This is potentially the price
                # to encode on the expense. If not, take 1.0 instead
                amount_pattern = '(\d+(\.\d*)?|\.\d+)'
                expense_price = re.findall(amount_pattern, name)
                price = expense_price and float(expense_price[-1][0]) or 1.0
                # find the partner by looking for it's email
                partner = self.env['res.partner'].search([('email', 'ilike', email_address)],
                                                         limit=1)
                defaults = {
                    'name': name,
                    'amount': price,
                    'partner_id': partner.id
                }
                defaults.update(custom_values or {})
                res = super(BusinessExpense, self).message_new(msg, custom_values=defaults)
                return res

.. _reference/mixins/mail/activities:

Activities tracking
-------------------

Activities are actions users have to take on a document like making a phone call
or organizing a meeting. Activities come with the mail module as they are
integrated in the Chatter but are *not bundled with mail.thread*. Activities
are records of the ``mail.activity`` class, which have a type (``mail.activity.type``),
name, description, scheduled time (among others). Pending activities are visible
above the message history in the chatter widget.

You can integrate activities using the ``mail.activity.mixin`` class on your object
and the specific widgets to display them (via the field ``activity_ids``) in the form
view and kanban view of your records (``mail_activity`` and ``kanban_activity``
widgets, respectively).

.. admonition:: Example

    Organizing a business trip is a tedious process and tracking needed activities
    like ordering plane tickets or a cab for the airport could be useful. To do so,
    we will add the activities mixin on our model and display the next planned activities
    in the message history of our trip.

    .. code-block:: python

        class BusinessTrip(models.Model):
            _name = 'business.trip'
            _inherit = ['mail.thread', 'mail.activity.mixin']
            _description = 'Business Trip'

            name = fields.Char()
            # [...]

    We modify the form view of our trips to display their next activities:

    .. code-block:: xml

        <record id="businness_trip_form" model="ir.ui.view">
            <field name="name">business.trip.form</field>
            <field name="model">business.trip</field>
            <field name="arch" type="xml">
                <form string="Business Trip">
                    <!-- Your usual form view goes here -->
                    <div class="oe_chatter">
                        <field name="message_follower_ids" widget="mail_followers"/>
                        <field name="activity_ids" widget="mail_activity"/>
                        <field name="message_ids" widget="mail_thread"/>
                    </div>
                </form>
            </field>
        </record>

You can find concrete examples of integration in the following models:

* ``crm.lead`` in the CRM (*crm*) Application
* ``sale.order`` in the Sales (*sale*) Application
* ``project.task`` in the Project (*project*) Application


.. _reference/mixins/website:

Website features
================

.. _reference/mixins/website/utm:

Visitor tracking
----------------

The ``utm.mixin`` class can be used to track online marketing/communication
campaigns through arguments in links to specified resources. The mixin adds
3 fields to your model:

* ``campaign_id``: :class:`~odoo.fields.Many2one` field to a ``utm.campaign``
  object (i.e. Christmas_Special, Fall_Collection, etc.)
* ``source_id``: :class:`~odoo.fields.Many2one` field to a ``utm.source``
  object (i.e. Search Engine, mailing list, etc.)
* ``medium_id``: :class:`~odoo.fields.Many2one` field to a ``utm.medium``
  object (i.e. Snail Mail, e-Mail, social network update, etc.)

These models have a single field ``name`` (i.e. they are simply there to
distinguish campaigns but don't have any specific behaviour).

Once a customer visits your website with these parameters set in the url
(i.e. https://www.odoo.com/?campaign_id=mixin_talk&source_id=www.odoo.com&medium_id=website),
three cookies are set in the visitor's website for these parameters.
Once a object that inherits the utm.mixin is created from the website (i.e. lead
form, job application, etc.), the utm.mixin code kicks in and fetches the values
from the cookies to set them in the new record. Once this is done, you can then
use the campaign/source/medium fields as any other field when defining reports
and views (group by, etc.).

To extend this behaviour, simply add a relational field to a simple model (the
model should support the *quick create* (i.e. call to ``create()`` with a single
``name`` value) and extend the function ``tracking_fields()``:

.. code-block:: python

    class UtmMyTrack(models.Model):
        _name = 'my_module.my_track'
        _description = 'My Tracking Object'

        name = fields.Char(string='Name', required=True)


    class MyModel(models.Models):
        _name = 'my_module.my_model'
        _inherit = ['utm.mixin']
        _description = 'My Tracked Object'

        my_field = fields.Many2one('my_module.my_track', 'My Field')

        @api.model
        def tracking_fields(self):
            result = super(MyModel, self).tracking_fields()
            result.append([
            # ("URL_PARAMETER", "FIELD_NAME_MIXIN", "NAME_IN_COOKIES")
                ('my_field', 'my_field', 'odoo_utm_my_field')
            ])
            return result

This will tell the system to create a cookie named *odoo_utm_my_field* with the
value found in the url parameter ``my_field``; once a new record of this model is
created by a call from a website form, the generic override of the ``create()``
method of ``utm.mixin`` will fetch the default values for this field from the
cookie (and the ``my_module.my_track`` record will be creatwed on the fly if it
does not exist yet).

You can find concrete examples of integration in the following models:

* ``crm.lead`` in the CRM (*crm*) Application
* ``hr.applicant`` in the Recruitment Process (*hr_recruitment*) Application
* ``helpdesk.ticket`` in the Helpdesk (*helpdesk* - Odoo Enterprise only) Application

.. _reference/mixins/website/published:

Website visibility
------------------

You can quite easily add a website visibility toggle on any of your record. While
this mixin is quite easy to implement manually, it is the most often-used after
the ``mail.thread`` inheritance; a testament to its usefulness. The typical use
case for this mixin is any object that has a frontend-page; being able to control
the visibility of the page allows you to take your time while editing the page
and only publish it when you're satisfied.

To include the functionality, you only need to inherit ``website.published.mixin``:

.. code-block:: python

    class BlogPost(models.Model):
        _name = "blog.post"
        _description = "Blog Post"
        _inherit = ['website.published.mixin']

This mixin adds 2 fields on your model:

* ``website_published``: :class:`~odoo.fields.Boolean` field which represents
  the status of the publication
* ``website_url``: :class:`~odoo.fields.Char` field which represents
  the URL through which the object is accessed

Note that this last field is a computed field and must be implemented for your class:

.. code-block:: python

    def _compute_website_url(self):
        for blog_post in self:
            blog_post.website_url = "/blog/%s" % (log_post.blog_id)

Once the mechanism is in place, you just have to adapt your frontend and backend
views to make it accessible. In the backend, adding a button in the button box is
usually the way to go:

.. code-block:: xml

    <button class="oe_stat_button" name="website_publish_button"
        type="object" icon="fa-globe">
        <field name="website_published" widget="website_button"/>
    </button>

In the frontend, some security checks are needed to avoid showing 'Edition'
buttons to website visitors:

.. code-block:: xml

    <div id="website_published_button" class="float-right"
         groups="base.group_website_publisher"> <!-- or any other meaningful group -->
        <t t-call="website.publish_management">
          <t t-set="object" t-value="blog_post"/>
          <t t-set="publish_edit" t-value="True"/>
          <t t-set="action" t-value="'blog.blog_post_action'"/>
        </t>
    </div>

Note that you must pass your object as the variable ``object`` to the template;
in this example, the ``blog.post`` record was passed as the ``blog_post`` variable
to the ``qweb`` rendering engine, it is necessary to specify this to the publish
management template. The ``publish_edit`` variable allow the frontend
button to link to the backend (allowing you to switch from frontend to backend
and vice-versa easily); if set, you must specify the full external id of the action
you want to call in the backend in the ``action`` variable (note that a Form View
must exist for the model).

The action ``website_publish_button`` is defined in the mixin and adapts its
behaviour to your object: if the class has a valid ``website_url`` compute function,
the user is redirected to the frontend when he clicks on the button; the user
can then publish the page directly from the frontend. This ensures
that no online publication can happen by accident. If there is not compute function,
the boolean ``website_published`` is simply triggered.

.. _reference/mixins/website/seo:

Website metadata
----------------

This simple mixin simply allows you to easily inject metadata in your frontend
pages.

.. code-block:: python

    class BlogPost(models.Model):
        _name = "blog.post"
        _description = "Blog Post"
        _inherit = ['website.seo.metadata', 'website.published.mixin']

This mixin adds 3 fields on your model:

* ``website_meta_title``: :class:`~odoo.fields.Char` field that allow you to set
  an additional title to your page
* ``website_meta_description``: :class:`~odoo.fields.Char` field that contains a
  short description of the page (sometimes used in search engines results)
* ``website_meta_keywords``: :class:`~odoo.fields.Char` field that contains some
  keywords to help your page to be classified more precisely by search engines; the
  "Promote" tool will help you select lexically-related keywords easily

These fields are editable in the frontend using the "Promote" tool from the Editor
toolbar. Setting these fields can help search engines to better index your pages.
Note that search engines do not base their results only on these metadata; the
best SEO practice should still be to get referenced by reliable sources.

.. _reference/mixins/misc:

Others
======

.. _reference/mixins/misc/rating:

Customer Rating
---------------

The rating mixin allows sending email to ask for customer rating, automatic
transitioning in a kanban processes and aggregating statistics on your ratings.

Adding rating on your model
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''

To add rating support, simply inherit the ``rating.mixin`` model:

.. code-block:: python

    class MyModel(models.Models):
        _name = 'my_module.my_model'
        _inherit = ['rating.mixin', 'mail.thread']

        user_id = fields.Many2one('res.users', 'Responsible')
        partner_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', 'Customer')

The behaviour of the mixin adapts to your model:

* The ``rating.rating`` record will be linked to the ``partner_id`` field of your
  model (if the field is present).

  - this behaviour can be overridden with the function ``rating_get_partner_id()``
    if you use another field than ``partner_id``

* The ``rating.rating`` record will be linked to the partner of the ``user_id``
  field of your model (if the field is present) (i.e. the partner who is rated)

  - this behaviour can be overridden with the function ``rating_get_rated_partner_id()``
    if you use another field than ``user_id`` (note that the function must return a
    ``res.partner``, for ``user_id`` the system automatically fetches the partner
    of the user)

* The chatter history will display the rating event (if your model inherits from
  ``mail.thread``)

Send rating requests by e-mail
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

If you wish to send emails to request a rating, simply generate an e-mail with
links to the rating object. A very basic email template could look like this:

.. code-block:: xml

    <record id="rating_my_model_email_template" model="mail.template">
                <field name="name">My Model: Rating Request</field>
                <field name="email_from">${object.rating_get_rated_partner_id().email or '' | safe}</field>
                <field name="subject">Service Rating Request</field>
                <field name="model_id" ref="my_module.model_my_model"/>
                <field name="partner_to" >${object.rating_get_partner_id().id}</field>
                <field name="auto_delete" eval="True"/>
                <field name="body_html"><![CDATA[
    % set access_token = object.rating_get_access_token()
    <p>Hi,</p>
    <p>How satsified are you?</p>
    <ul>
        <li><a href="/rating/${access_token}/10">Satisfied</a></li>
        <li><a href="/rating/${access_token}/5">Not satisfied</a></li>
        <li><a href="/rating/${access_token}/1">Very unsatisfied</a></li>
    </ul>
    ]]></field>
    </record>

Your customer will then receive an e-mail with links to a simple webpage allowing
them to provide a feedback on their interaction with your users (including a free-text
feedback message).

You can then quite easily integrate your ratings with your form view by defining
an action for the ratings:

.. code-block:: xml

    <record id="rating_rating_action_my_model" model="ir.actions.act_window">
        <field name="name">Customer Ratings</field>
        <field name="res_model">rating.rating</field>
        <field name="view_mode">kanban,pivot,graph</field>
        <field name="domain">[('res_model', '=', 'my_module.my_model'), ('res_id', '=', active_id), ('consumed', '=', True)]</field>
    </record>

    <record id="my_module_my_model_view_form_inherit_rating" model="ir.ui.view">
        <field name="name">my_module.my_model.view.form.inherit.rating</field>
        <field name="model">my_module.my_model</field>
        <field name="inherit_id" ref="my_module.my_model_view_form"/>
        <field name="arch" type="xml">
            <xpath expr="//div[@name='button_box']" position="inside">
                <button name="%(rating_rating_action_my_model)d" type="action"
                        class="oe_stat_button" icon="fa-smile-o">
                    <field name="rating_count" string="Rating" widget="statinfo"/>
                </button>
            </xpath>
        </field>
    </record>

Note that there are default views (kanban,pivot,graph) for ratings which allow
you a quick bird's eye view of your customer ratings.

You can find concrete examples of integration in the following models:

* ``project.task`` in the Project (*rating_project*) Application
* ``helpdesk.ticket`` in the Helpdesk (*helpdesk* - Odoo Enterprise only) Application