[ADD] localization: belgian accounting

closes odoo/documentation#4841

Id: 3143421
X-original-commit: 4d477a598f
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Castillo (jcs) <jcs@odoo.com>

content/applications/finance/fiscal_localizations/belgium.rst

@@ -2,7 +2,274 @@
 Belgium
 =======
 
-.. _belgium/introduction:
+.. _belgium/configuration:
+
+Configuration
+=============
+
+Install the :guilabel:`🇧🇪 Belgium` :ref:`fiscal localization package
+<fiscal_localizations/packages>` to get all the default accounting features of the Belgian
+localization, following the :abbr:`IFRS(International Financial Reporting Standards)` rules.
+
+:ref:`Install <general/install>` the :guilabel:`Belgium - Disallowed Expenses Data` module
+(`l10n_be_disallowed_expenses`) to manage :ref:`disallowed expenses <belgium/disallowed-expenses>`.
+
+.. _belgium/coa:
+
+Chart of accounts
+=================
+
+You can reach the :guilabel:`Chart of accounts` by going to :menuselection:`Accounting -->
+Configuration --> Accounting: Chart of Accounts`.
+
+The Belgian chart of accounts includes pre-configured accounts as described in the :abbr:`PCMN(Plan
+Comptable Minimum Normalisé)`. To add a new account, click :guilabel:`New`. A new line appears. Fill
+it in, click :guilabel:`Save`, and then :guilabel:`Setup` to configure it further.
+
+.. seealso::
+   :doc:`../accounting/get_started/chart_of_accounts`
+
+.. _belgium/taxes:
+
+Taxes
+=====
+
+Default Belgian taxes are created automatically when the :guilabel:`Belgium - Accounting` and
+the :guilabel:`Belgium - Accounting Reports` modules are installed. Each tax impacts the Belgian
+:guilabel:`Tax Report`, available by going to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Reporting -->
+Statements Reports: Tax Report`.
+
+In Belgium, the standard VAT rate is **21%**, but there are lower rates for some categories of goods
+and services. An intermediate rate of **12%** is applied on social housing and food served in
+restaurants, while a reduced rate of **6%** applies to most basic goods, such as food, water supply,
+books, and medicine. A **0%** rate applies to some exceptional goods and services, such as some
+daily and weekly publications, as well as recycled goods.
+
+.. _belgium/non-deductible:
+
+Non-deductible taxes
+--------------------
+
+In Belgium, some taxes are not fully deductible, such as taxes on the maintenance of cars. This
+means a part of these taxes is considered as an expense.
+
+In Odoo, you can configure non-deductible taxes by creating tax rules for these taxes and linking
+them to the corresponding accounts. This way, the system automatically calculates the taxes and
+allocates them to the appropriate accounts.
+
+To configure a new non-deductible tax, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Configuration -->
+Accounting: Taxes`, and click :guilabel:`New`:
+
+#. :guilabel:`Add a line` and select :guilabel:`Base` in the :guilabel:`Based On` column;
+#. :guilabel:`Add a line`, then select :guilabel:`on tax` in the :guilabel:`Based on` column and
+   enter the **non-deductible** percentage in the :guilabel:`%` column;
+#. On the :guilabel:`of tax` line, select the :guilabel:`Tax Grid(s)` related to your tax;
+#. :guilabel:`Add a line` with the **deductible** percentage in the :guilabel:`%` column;
+#. Set :guilabel:`of tax` in :guilabel:`Based On`;
+#. Select :guilabel:`411000 VAT recoverable` as account, and select the related tax grid.
+
+Once you have created a non-deductible tax, you can apply it to your transactions by selecting the
+appropriate tax during the encoding of bills and credit notes. The system automatically calculates
+the tax amount and allocates it to the corresponding accounts based on the tax rules configured.
+
+.. example::
+   With the Belgian localization, the **21% car** tax is created by default (50% non-deductible).
+
+   .. image:: belgium/deductible-tax.png
+      :alt: Example of not-fully deductible tax
+
+.. seealso::
+  - :doc:`Taxes <../accounting/taxes>`
+  - :doc:`../accounting/reporting/tax_returns`
+
+.. _belgium/reports:
+
+Reports
+=======
+
+Here is the list of Belgian-specific reports available:
+
+- Balance sheet;
+- Profit & loss;
+- Tax report;
+- Partner VAT Listing;
+- EC Sales List;
+- Intrastat.
+
+You can access Belgian-specific versions of reports by clicking on the **book** icon when on a
+report and selecting its Belgian version: **(BE)**.
+
+.. image:: belgium/belgian-reports.png
+   :alt: Belgian version of reports
+
+.. seealso::
+   :doc:`../accounting/reporting`
+
+.. _belgium/disallowed-expenses:
+
+Disallowed expenses report
+--------------------------
+
+**Disallowed expenses** are expenses that can be deducted from your accounting result but not from
+your fiscal result.
+
+The **disallowed expenses report** is available by going to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Reporting
+--> Management: Disallowed Expenses`. It allows financial results in real-time, and periodic
+changes. This report is generated based on the **disallowed expenses categories** that you can reach
+by going to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Configuration --> Management: Disallowed Expenses
+Categories`. Some categories already exist by default but do not have any rates. Click on
+:guilabel:`Set Rates` to update a specific category.
+
+.. tip::
+  - You can add multiple rates for various dates. In that case, the rate used to calculate the
+    expense depends on the date at which it is calculated, and the rate set for that date.
+  - If you have the **Fleet** app installed, tick the :guilabel:`Car Category` box when applicable.
+    This makes the vehicle mandatory while booking a vendor bill.
+
+To link a disallowed expenses category with a specific account, go to :menuselection:`Accounting -->
+Configuration --> Acounting: Chart of Accounts`. Find the account you want, and click on
+:guilabel:`Setup`. Add the :guilabel:`Disallowed Expense category` in the :guilabel:`Disallowed
+Expenses` field. From now, when an expense is created with this account, the disallowed expense is
+calculated based on the rate mentioned in the :guilabel:`Disallowed Expense category`.
+
+Let's take an example reflecting **restaurant** and **car expenses**.
+
+.. _belgium/restaurant-expenses:
+
+Restaurant expenses
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In Belgium, 31% of **restaurant** expenses are non-deductible. Create a new **disallowed expenses
+category** and set both :guilabel:`Related Account(s)` and :guilabel:`Current Rate`.
+
+.. image:: belgium/restaurant-expenses.png
+   :alt: Disallowed expenses categories
+
+.. _belgium/vehicle-split:
+
+Car expenses: vehicle split
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In Belgium, the deductible percentage varies from car to car and, therefore, should be indicated for
+each vehicle. To do so, open :menuselection:`Fleet` and select a vehicle. In the :guilabel:`Tax
+info` tab, go to the :guilabel:`Disallowed Expenses Rate` section and click on :guilabel:`Add a
+line`. Add a :guilabel:`Start Date` and a :guilabel:`%`. The amounts go in the same account for all
+car expenses.
+
+When you create a bill for car expenses, you can link each expense to a specific car by filling the
+:guilabel:`Vehicle` column, so the right percentage is applied.
+
+.. image:: belgium/car-bill.png
+   :alt: Disallowed expenses categories
+
+The :guilabel:`vehicle split` option available in the disallowed expenses report allows you to see
+the rate and disallowed amount for each car.
+
+.. image:: belgium/vehicle-split.png
+   :alt: Disallowed expenses categories
+
+.. _belgium/forms:
+
+Fee form 281.50 and form 325
+============================
+
+.. _belgium/281.50:
+
+Fee form 281.50
+---------------
+
+Annually, a **281.50 fee form** must be reported to the fiscal authorities. To do so, the tag
+`281.50` must be added on the **contact form** of the entities concerned by the **281.50** fee. To
+add the tag, open :menuselection:`Contacts`, select the person or company you want to create a
+**281.50 fee form** for, and add the `281.50` tag in the :guilabel:`Tags` field.
+
+.. image:: belgium/281-50.png
+   :alt: add the tag 281.50 on a contact form
+
+.. note::
+   Make sure the **street, zip code, country**, and **VAT number** are also informed on the
+   **Contact form**.
+
+Then, depending on the nature of the expense, add the corresponding `281.50` tag on the impact
+accounts. To do so, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Configuration --> Accounting: Chart of
+Accounts`, and click on :guilabel:`Setup` to add the corresponding `281.50` tag on the impacted
+accounts, i.e., :guilabel:`281.50 - Commissions`, depending on the nature of the expense.
+
+.. _belgium/325:
+
+Form 325
+--------
+
+You can create a **325 form** by going to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Reporting --> Belgium:
+Create 325 form`. A new page pops up: select the right options and click :guilabel:`Generate 325
+form`. To open an already generated **325 form**, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Reporting -->
+Belgium: Open 325 forms`.
+
+.. image:: belgium/325-form.png
+   :alt: Add the tag 281-50 on a contact form
+
+.. _belgium/coda-soda:
+
+CODA and SODA statements
+========================
+
+.. _belgium/coda:
+
+CODA
+----
+
+**CODA** is an electronic XML format used to import Belgian bank statements. You can download CODA
+files from your bank and import them directly into Odoo by clicking :guilabel:`Import Statement`
+from your :guilabel:`Bank` journal on your dashboard.
+
+.. image:: belgium/coda-import.png
+   :alt: Import CODA files
+
+.. seealso::
+   :ref:`Import bank statements files <transactions/import>`
+
+.. _belgium/soda:
+
+SODA
+----
+
+**SODA** is an electronic XML format used to import accounting entries related to salaries. SODA
+files can be imported into the journal you use to record salaries by going to your Accounting
+**dashboard** and clicking :guilabel:`Upload` in the related journal card form.
+
+Once your **SODA** files are imported, the entries are created automatically in your 'salary'
+journal.
+
+.. image:: belgium/soda-import.png
+   :alt: Import SODA files
+
+.. _belgium/einvoicing:
+
+Electronic invoicing
+====================
+
+Odoo supports the **Peppol BIS Billing 3.0 (UBL)** electronic invoicing format. To enable it for a
+customer, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Customers --> Customers`, open their contact form,
+and under the :guilabel:`Accounting` tab, select the :guilabel:`Peppol BIS Billing 3.0` format.
+
+.. seealso::
+   :doc:`../accounting/customer_invoices/electronic_invoicing`
+
+.. _belgium/cash-discount:
+
+Cash discount
+=============
+
+In Belgium, if an early payment discount is offered on an invoice, the tax is calculated based on
+the discounted total amount, whether the customer benefits from the discount or not.
+
+To apply the right tax amount and report it correctly in your VAT return, set the tax reduction as
+:guilabel:`Always (upon invoice)`.
+
+.. seealso::
+   :doc:`../accounting/customer_invoices/cash_discounts`
+
+.. _belgium/pos-restaurant-certification:
 
 Fiscal certification: POS restaurant
 ====================================
@@ -12,14 +279,14 @@ use a government-certified **Cash Register System** for their receipts. This app
 earnings (excluding VAT, drinks, and take-away food) exceed 25,000 euros.
 
 This government-certified system entails the use of a :ref:`certified POS system
-<belgium/certified>`, along with a device called a :ref:`Fiscal Data Module <belgium/fdm>` (or
+<belgium/certified-pos>`, along with a device called a :ref:`Fiscal Data Module <belgium/fdm>` (or
 **black box**) and a :ref:`VAT Signing Card <belgium/vat>`.
 
 .. important::
    Do not forget to register as *foodservice industry manager* on the `Federal Public Service
    Finance registration form <https://www.systemedecaisseenregistreuse.be/fr/enregistrement>`_.
 
-.. _belgium/certified:
+.. _belgium/certified-pos:
 
 Certified POS system
 --------------------
@@ -121,7 +388,6 @@ As a pre-requisite, :ref:`activate <general/install>` the `Belgian Registered Ca
 (technical name: `pos_blackbox_be`).
 
 .. image:: belgium/be-modules.png
-   :align: center
    :alt: black box modules for belgian fiscal certification
 
 Once the module is activated, add your VAT number to your company information. To set it up, go to
@@ -131,7 +397,6 @@ so, go to the :guilabel:`Employees` app and open an employee form. There, go to
 settings tab --> Attendance/Point of Sale`, and fill in the :guilabel:`INSZ or BIS number` field.
 
 .. image:: belgium/bis-number.png
-   :align: center
    :alt: ISNZ or BIS number field on employee form
 
 .. tip::
@@ -160,7 +425,6 @@ database. To verify that the IoT Box recognizes the FDM, go to the IoT homepage
 :guilabel:`IOT Device` section, which should display the FDM.
 
 .. image:: belgium/iot-devices.png
-   :align: center
    :alt: Hardware status page on a registered IoT Box
 
 Then, add the IoT to your POS. To do so, go to :menuselection:`Point of Sale --> Configuration -->