[IMP] Website: updating seo documentation

taskid-3499195

closes odoo/documentation#7647

X-original-commit: a4ff6da99c
Signed-off-by: Audrey Vandromme (auva) <auva@odoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Donatienne Pirlot (dopi) <dopi@odoo.com>

content/applications/websites/ecommerce/managing_products/products.rst

@@ -198,7 +198,6 @@ The **eCommerce-related** fields to translate are:
 
 .. seealso::
    - :doc:`../../../websites/website/pages/seo`
-   - :ref:`Multi-language support <seo-multilanguage>`
 
 Website availability
 --------------------

content/applications/websites/website/pages/seo.rst

@@ -1,640 +1,180 @@
 ================================
-Search Engine Optimisation (SEO)
+Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
 ================================
 
-Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is a set of good practices to optimize
-your website so that you get a better ranking in search engines like
-Google. In short, a good SEO allows you to get more visitors.
+Search Engine Optimization, often abbreviated as SEO, is a digital marketing strategy to improve a
+website's visibility and ranking in search engine results (e.g., in Google). It involves optimizing
+various elements on your website, including its content, social sharing, URLs, images, and page
+speed.
 
-Some examples of SEO rules: your web pages should load fast, your page
-should have one and only one title ``<h1>``, meta tags
-(alt-tag, title-tag) should be
-consistent with the content, your website should have a
-``/sitemap.xml`` file, etc.
+.. note::
+   - Odoo provides several modules to help you build your website content, such as
+     :doc:`eCommerce <../../ecommerce>`, :doc:`Blog <../../blog>`, :doc:`eLearning
+     <../../elearning>`, and :doc:`Forum <../../forum>`.
+   - All Odoo themes rely on the CSS Framework `Bootstrap <https://getbootstrap.com/>`_ to render
+     efficiently according to the device: desktop, tablet, or mobile, which positively impacts
+     ranking in search engines.
 
-To guarantee Odoo Website and Odoo
-eCommerce users have a great SEO, Odoo abstracts all the technical
-complexities of SEO and handles everything for you, in the best possible
-way. This will be explained here below.
+Content optimization
+====================
 
-But first, let see how you can easily boost your ranking
-by finetuning the content and the meta tags of your website.
+To optimize a webpage's SEO, access the page, then go to :menuselection:`Website --> Site -->
+Optimize SEO`.
 
-Meta Tags
-=========
+.. image:: seo/optimize-seo.png
+   :alt: Optimize SEO
 
-Title, Description
-------------------
+Meta tags
+---------
 
-Every web page should define the ``<title>`` and ``<description>`` meta data.
-These information elements are used by search engines to promote your website.
-They are automatically generated based on page title & content, but you can
-finetune them. Make sure they fit the content of the page, otherwise you will
-be downgraded by search engines.
+Meta tags are HTML elements that provide information about a webpage to search engines and website
+visitors. They play a crucial role in SEO by helping search engines understand the content and
+context of a webpage and attract visitors with appealing content. There are two types of meta tags
+in Odoo:
 
-.. image:: seo/seo01.png
-   :align: center
+- :guilabel:`Title` tags specify a webpage's title and are displayed as a clickable link in search
+  engine results. They should be concise, descriptive, and relevant to the page's content. You can
+  update the title tag of your webpage or keep it empty to use the default value based on the page’s
+  content.
+
+- :guilabel:`Description` tags summarize the webpage's content, often displayed in search engine
+  results below the title. They are used to encourage the user to visit the page. You can update
+  the description tag of your webpage or keep it empty to use the default value based on the page’s
+  content.
+
+.. note::
+   The :guilabel:`Preview` card displays how the title and description tags should appear in search
+   results. It also includes the URL of your page.
 
 Keywords
 --------
 
-In order to write quality content and boost your traffic, Odoo provides
-a ``<keyword>`` finder. Those keywords are the searches you want to head
-towards your website. For each keyword, you see how it is used in the content
-(H1, H2, page title, page description, page content) and what are the related
-searches in Google. The more keywords are used the better.
+Keywords are one of the main elements of SEO. A website that is well optimized for search engines
+speaks the same language as potential visitors, with keywords for SEO helping them to connect to
+your site.
 
-.. image:: seo/seo02.png
-   :align: center
+You can enter the keywords you consider essential in the :guilabel:`Keyword` field and click
+:guilabel:`ADD` to see how they are used at different levels in your content (H1, H2, page title,
+page description, page content) and the related searches in Google. The tool also suggests relevant
+keywords to drive your web traffic. The more keywords are present on your webpage, the better.
 
-.. note::
-  If your website is in multiple languages, you can use the Promote
-  tool for every language of a single page and set specific title,
-  description and search tags.
+.. tip::
+   It is strongly recommended to only use one H1 title per page for SEO.
 
-Content is King
-===============
-
-When it comes to SEO, content is usually king. Odoo provides several
-modules to help you build your website content:
-
-- **Odoo Blogs**: write great contents.
-
-- **Odoo Slides**: publish all your Powerpoint or PDF presentations.
-  Their content is automatically indexed on the web page. Example:
-  `odoo.com/slides/public-channel-1 <https://www.odoo.com/slides/public-channel-1>`_
-
-- **Odoo Forum**: let your community create contents for you. Example:
-  `odoo.com/forum/1 <https://odoo.com/forum/1>`_
-  (accounts for 30% of Odoo.com landing pages)
-
-- **Odoo Mailing List Archive**: publish mailing list archives on your
-  website. Example:
-  `odoo.com/groups/community-59 <https://www.odoo.com/groups/community-59>`_
-  (1000 pages created per month)
-
-.. note::
-  The 404 page is a regular page, that you can edit like any other
-  page in Odoo. That way, you can build a great 404 page to redirect to
-  the top content of your website when visitors get lost in invalid URLs.
-
-Use Social Networks
-===================
-
-Social media is built for mass sharing. If lots of people share your content
-on social media, then it's likely more people will link to it,
-and links are a huge factor for SEO ranking.
-
-Odoo embeds several tools to share content through social media:
-
-Social Network
---------------
-
-Odoo allows to link all your social network accounts in your website footer.
-All you have to do is to refer all your accounts in your company settings.
-
-.. image:: seo/seo03.png
-   :align: center
-
-Social Share
-------------
-
-Drop the building block *Share* on any page you want your visitors to share.
-By clicking the icon, they are prompted to share the page in their social media
-wall.
-
-.. image:: seo/seo04.png
-   :align: center
-
-Most social media use a picture of the picture to decorate the share post.
-Odoo uses the website logo by default but you can choose any other image
-of your page in the Promote tool.
-
-.. image:: seo/seo05.png
-   :align: center
-
-Facebook Page
--------------
-
-Drop the building block *Facebook Page* to display a widget of your Facebook
-business page and encourage visitors to follow it.
-You can display the timeline, the next events and the messages.
-
-Twitter Scroller
-----------------
-
-Display the Twitter feeds with customer satifaction on your website.
-This will increase the number of tweets and shares.
-
-Test Your Website
-=================
-
-You can compare how your website rank, in terms of SEO, against Odoo
-using WooRank free services:
-`woorank.com <https://www.woorank.com>`_
-
-URLs Handling
-=============
-
-This section sheds some light on how Odoo makes URLs SEO-friendly.
-
-URLs Structure
---------------
-
-A typical Odoo URL will look like this:
-
-- https://www.mysite.com/fr\_FR/shop/product/my-great-product-31
-
-With the following components:
-
--  **https://** = Protocol
-
--  **www.mysite.com** = your domain name
-
--  **/fr\_FR** = page language. This part of the URL is
-   removed if the visitor browses the main language of the website
-   Thus, the main version of this page is:
-   https://www.mysite.com/shop/product/my-great-product-31
-
--  **/shop/product** = every module defines its own namespace (/shop is
-   for the catalog of the eCommerce module, /shop/product is for a
-   product page).
-
--  **my-great-product** = by default, this is the slugified title of the
-   product this page refers to. But you can customize it for SEO
-   purposes. A product named "Pain carré" will be slugified to
-   "pain-carre". Depending on the namespace, this could be different
-   objects (blog post, page title, forum post, forum comment,
-   product category, etc.).
-
--  **-31** = the unique ID of the product
-
-Note that any dynamic component of an URL can be reduced to its ID. As
-an example, the following URLs all do a 301 redirect to the above URL:
-
--  https://www.mysite.com/fr\_FR/shop/product/31 (short version)
-
--  http://mysite.com/fr\_FR/shop/product/31 (even shorter version)
-
--  http://mysite.com/fr\_FR/shop/product/other-product-name-31 (old
-   product name)
-
-Some URLs have several dynamic parts, like this one (a blog category and
-a post):
-
--  https://www.odoo.com/blog/company-news-5/post/the-odoo-story-56
-
-In the above example:
-
--  *Company News* is the title of the blog
-
--  *The Odoo Story* is the title of a specific blog post
-
-When an Odoo page has a pager, the page number is set directly in the
-URL (does not have a GET argument). This allows every page to be indexed
-by search engines. Example:
-
--  https://www.odoo.com/blog/page/3
-
-Changes in URLs & Titles
-------------------------
-
-When the URL of a page changes (e.g. a more SEO friendly version of your
-product name), you don't have to worry about updating all links:
-
--  Odoo will automatically update all its links to the new URL.
-
-- If external websites still points to the old URL, a 301 redirect will
-  be done to route visitors to the new address of the page.
-
-As an example, this URL:
-
-- http://mysite.com/shop/product/old-product-name-31
-
-Will automatically redirect to:
-
-- http://mysite.com/shop/product/new-and-better-product-name-31
-
-In short, just change the title of a blog post or the name of a product,
-and the changes will apply automatically everywhere in your website. The
-old link still functions when used by external websites, via a 301 redirect,
-maintaining the SEO link juice.
-
-HTTPS
------
-
-Search engines boost ranking of secure HTTPS/SSL websites.
-So, by default all Odoo Online instances are fully
-based on HTTPS. If the visitor accesses your website through a non HTTPS
-url, it gets a 301 redirect to its HTTPS equivalent.
-
-Links: Nofollow Strategy
-------------------------
-
-The more a page is linked from external and quality websites,
-the better it is for your SEO.
-
-Here are Odoo strategies to manage links:
-
-- Every link you add to your website is
-  "dofollow", which means that this link will contribute to the SEO
-  Juice for the linked page.
-
-- Every link posted by a contributor (forum post, blog comment, etc.)
-  that links to your own website is "dofollow" too.
-
-- But every link posted by a contributor that links to an external
-  website is "nofollow". In that way, you do not run the risk of
-  people posting links on your website to third-party websites
-  which have a bad reputation.
-
-- Note that, when using the forum, contributors having a lot of Karma
-  can be trusted. In such case, their links will not have any
-  ``rel="nofollow"`` attribute.
-
-Multi-Language Support
-======================
-
-.. _seo-multilanguage:
-
-Multi-Language URLs
--------------------
-
-If you run a website in multiple languages, the same content will be
-available in different URLs, depending on the language used:
-
-- https://www.mywebsite.com/shop/product/my-product-1 (main language, English here)
-
-- https://www.mywebsite.com\/fr\_FR/shop/product/mon-produit-1 (French version)
-
-In this example, fr\_FR is the language of the page. You can even have
-several variations of the same language: pt\_BR (Portuguese from Brazil)
-, pt\_PT (Portuguese from Portugal).
-
-Language Annotation
--------------------
-
-To let search engines know that the second URL is the French translation of the
-first URL, Odoo will add an HTML link element in the header. In the HTML
-<head> section of the main version, Odoo automatically adds a link
-element pointing to the translated versions of that webpage;
-
--  <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr"
-   href="https://www.mywebsite.com\/fr\_FR/shop/product/mon-produit-1"/>
-
-With this approach:
-
-- Search engines will redirect to the right language according to the
-  visitor language.
-
-- You do not get penalized by search engines if your page is not translated
-  yet. Indeed, it's not a duplicated content, but a different
-  version of the same content.
-
-Language Detection
-------------------
-
-When a visitor lands for the first time on your website (e.g.
-yourwebsite.com/shop), they may automatically be redirected to a
-translated version according to their browser language preference (e.g.
-yourwebsite.com/fr\_FR/shop).
-
-Next time, it keeps a cookie of the current language to
-avoid any redirection.
-
-To force a visitor to stick to the default language, you can use the
-code of the default language in your link, example:
-yourwebsite.com/en\_US/shop. This will always land visitors to the
-English version of the page, without using the browser language
-preferences.
-
-Page Speed
-==========
-
-Introduction
-------------
-
-The time to load a page is an important criteria for search engines. A faster
-website not only improves your visitor's experience, but gives
-you a better page ranking. Some studies have shown that, if you divide the time to
-load your pages by two (e.g. 2 seconds instead of 4 seconds), the
-visitor abandonment rate is also divided by two. (25% to 12.5%). One
-extra second to load a page could `cost $1.6b to Amazon in
-sales <http://www.fastcompany.com/1825005/how-one-second-could-cost-amazon-16-billion-sales>`__.
-
-.. image:: seo/seo06.png
-  :align: center
-
-Fortunately, Odoo does all the magic for you. Below, you will find the
-tricks Odoo uses to speed up your page loading time. You can compare how
-your website ranks using these two tools:
-
-- `Google Page Speed <https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/insights/>`__
-
-- `Pingdom Website Speed Test <http://tools.pingdom.com/fpt/>`__
-
-Images
-------
-
-When you upload new images, Odoo automatically
-compresses them to reduce their sizes (lossless compression for .PNG
-and .GIF and lossy compression for .JPG).
-
-From the upload button, you have the option to keep the original image
-unmodified if you prefer to optimize the quality of the image rather
-than performance.
-
-.. image:: seo/seo07.png
-  :align: center
-
-.. note::
-  Odoo compresses images when they are uploaded to your website, not
-  when requested by the visitor. Thus, it's possible that, if you use a
-  third-party theme, it will provide images that are not compressed
-  efficiently. But all images used in Odoo official themes have been
-  compressed by default.
-
-When you click on an image, Odoo shows you the Alt and title attributes
-of the ``<img>`` tag. You can click on it to set your own title and Alt
-attributes for the image.
-
-.. image:: seo/seo08.png
-  :align: center
-
-When you click on this link, the following window will appear:
-
-.. image:: seo/seo09.png
-  :align: center
-
-Odoo's pictograms are implemented using a font (`Font
-Awesome <https://fortawesome.github.io/Font-Awesome/icons/>`__ in most
-Odoo themes). Thus, you can use as many pictograms as you want in your
-page, they will not result in extra requests to load the page.
-
-.. image:: seo/seo10.png
-  :align: center
-
-Static Resources: CSS
----------------------
-
-All CSS files are pre-processed, concatenated, minified, compressed and
-cached (server-side and browser-side). The result:
-
-- only one CSS file request is needed to load a page
-
-- this CSS file is shared and cached amongst pages, so that when the
-  visitor clicks on another page, the browser doesn't have to even
-  load a single CSS resource.
-
-- this CSS file is optimized to be small
-
-**Pre-processed:** The CSS framework used by Odoo is Bootstrap.
-Although a theme might use another framework, most of `Odoo
-themes <https://www.odoo.com/apps/themes>`__ extend and customize
-Bootstrap directly. Since Odoo supports Less and Sass, you can modify
-CSS rules instead of overwriting them through extra CSS lines,
-resulting in a smaller file.
-
-**Concatenated:** every module or library you might use in Odoo has its
-own set of CSS, Less or Sass files (eCommerce, blogs, themes, etc.). Having
-several CSS files is great for the modularity, but not good for the
-performance because most browsers can only perform 6 requests in
-parallel resulting in lots of files loaded in series. The
-latency time to transfer a file is usually much longer than the actual
-data transfer time, for small files like .JS and .CSS. Thus, the time to
-load CSS resources depends more on the number of requests to be done
-than the actual file size.
-
-To address this issue, all CSS / Less / Sass files are concatenated into
-a single .CSS file to send to the browser. So a visitor has **only one
-.CSS file to load** per page, which is particularly efficient. As the
-CSS is shared amongst all pages, when the visitor clicks on another
-page, the browser does not even have to load a new CSS file!
-
-================================= =============================================
-  **Both files in the <head>**     **What the visitor gets (only one file)**
-================================= =============================================
- /\* From bootstrap.css \*/       .text-muted {
- .text-muted {                    color: #666;
- color: #777;                     background: yellow
- background: yellow;              }
- }
-
- /\* From my-theme.css \*/
- .text-muted {
- color: #666;
- }
-================================= =============================================
-
-The CSS sent by Odoo includes all CSS / Less / Sass of all pages /
-modules. By doing this, additional page views from the same visitor will
-not have to load CSS files at all. But some modules might include huge
-CSS/Javascript resources that you do not want to prefetch at the first
-page because they are too big. In this case, Odoo splits this resource
-into a second bundle that is loaded only when the page using it is
-requested. An example of this is the backend that is only loaded when
-the visitor logs in and accesses the backend (/web).
-
-.. note::
-  If the CSS file is very big, Odoo will split it into two smaller
-  files to avoid the 4095 selectors limit per sheet of Internet Explorer.
-  But most themes fit below this limit.
-
-**Minified:** After being pre-processed and concatenated, the resulting
-CSS is minified to reduce its size.
-
-============================ ==============================
-  **Before minification**     **After minification**
-============================ ==============================
-  /\* some comments \*/       .text-muted {color: #666}
-  .text-muted {
-  color: #666;
-  }
-============================ ==============================
-
-The final result is then compressed, before being delivered to the
-browser.
-
-Then, a cached version is stored server-side (so we do not have
-to pre-process, concatenate, minify at every request) and browser-side
-(so the same visitor will load the CSS only once for all pages they
-visit).
-
-Static Resources: Javascript
-----------------------------
-
-As with CSS resources, Javascript resources are also concatenated,
-minified, compressed and cached (server-side and browser-side).
-
-Odoo creates three Javascript bundles:
-
-- One for all pages of the website (including code for parallax
-  effects, form validation, etc.)
-
-- One for common Javascript code shared among frontend and backend
-  (Bootstrap)
-
-- One for backend specific Javascript code (Odoo Web Client interface
-  for your employees using Odoo)
-
-Most visitors of your website will only need the first two bundles,
-resulting in a maximum of two Javascript files to load to render one
-page. As these files are shared across all pages, further clicks by the
-same visitor will not load any other Javascript resource.
-
-.. note::
-   If you work on :ref:`developer mode <developer-mode>`, the CSS and Javascript are neither
-   concatenated, nor minified. Thus, it's much slower. But it allows you to easily debug with the
-   Chrome debugger as CSS and Javascript resources are not transformed from their original versions.
-
-CDN
----
-
-If you activate the CDN feature in Odoo, static resources (Javascript,
-CSS, images) are loaded from a Content Delivery Network. Using a Content
-Delivery Network has three advantages:
-
-- Load resources from a nearby server (most CDN have servers in main
-  countries around the globe)
-
-- Cache resources efficiently (no computation resources usage on your
-  own server)
-
-- Split the resource loading on different services allowing to load
-  more resources in parallel (since the Chrome limit of 6 parallel
-  requests is by domain)
-
-You can configure your CDN options from the **Website Admin** app, using
-the Configuration menu. Here is an example of configuration you can use:
-
-.. image:: seo/seo11.png
-  :align: center
-
-HTML Pages
-----------
-
-The HTML pages can be compressed, but this is usually handled by your web
-server (NGINX or Apache).
-
-The Odoo Website builder has been optimized to guarantee clean and short
-HTML code. Building blocks have been developed to produce clean HTML
-code, usually using Bootstrap and the HTML editor.
-
-As an example, if you use the color picker to change the color of a
-paragraph to the primary color of your website, Odoo will produce the
-following code:
-
-``<p class="text-primary">My Text</p>``
-
-Whereas most HTML editors (such as CKEditor) will produce the following
-code:
-
-``<p style="color: #AB0201">My Text</p>``
-
-Responsive Design
------------------
-
-Websites that are not mobile-friendly are negatively
-impacted in search engine rankings. All Odoo themes rely on Bootstrap to
-render efficiently according to the device: desktop, tablet or mobile.
-
-.. image:: seo/seo12.png
-  :align: center
-
-As all Odoo modules share the same technology, absolutely all pages in
-your website are mobile friendly.
-
-Browser Caching
----------------
-
-Javascript, images and CSS resources have an URL that changes
-dynamically when their content change. As an example, all CSS files are
-loaded through this URL:
-`localhost:8069/web/content/457-0da1d9d/web.assets\_common.0.css <http://localhost:8069/web/content/457-0da1d9d/web.assets_common.0.css>`__.
-The ``457-0da1d9d`` part of this URL will change if you modify the CSS of
-your website.
-
-This allows Odoo to set a very long cache delay (XXX) on these
-resources: XXX secs, while being updated instantly if you update the
-resource.
-
-Scalability
------------
-
-In addition to being fast, Odoo is also more scalable than traditional
-CMS and eCommerce (Drupal, Wordpress, Magento, Prestashop).
-
-Here is the slide that summarizes the scalability of Odoo Website & eCommerce.
-
-.. image:: seo/seo13.png
-   :align: center
-
-Search Engines Files
-====================
-
-Sitemap
--------
-
-The sitemap points out pages to index to search engine robots.
-Odoo generates a ``/sitemap.xml`` file automatically for you. For
-performance reasons, this file is cached and updated every 12 hours.
-
-By default, all URLs will be in a single ``/sitemap.xml`` file, but if you
-have a lot of pages, Odoo will automatically create a Sitemap Index
-file, respecting the `sitemaps.org
-protocol <http://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.html>`__ grouping sitemap
-URL's in 45000 chunks per file.
-
-Every sitemap entry has 4 attributes that are computed automatically:
-
--  ``<loc>`` : the URL of a page
-
--  ``<lastmod>`` : last modification date of the resource, computed
-   automatically based on related object. For a page related to a
-   product, this could be the last modification date of the product
-   or the page.
-
--  ``<priority>`` : modules may implement their own priority algorithm based
-   on their content (example: a forum might assign a priority based
-   on the number of votes on a specific post). The priority of a
-   static page is defined by it's priority field, which is
-   normalized (16 is the default).
-
-Structured Data Markup
+Image for social share
 ----------------------
 
-Structured Data Markup is used to generate Rich Snippets in search
-engine results. It is a way for website owners to send structured data
-to search engine robots; helping them understand your content and
+When you share your page on social media, your logo image is selected, but you can upload any other
+image by clicking the upward arrow.
+
+.. Note::
+   - The :guilabel:`Social Preview` card displays how the page's information would appear when
+     shared.
+   - If you change the title of a blog post or the name of a product, the changes apply
+     automatically everywhere on your website. The old link still functions when external websites
+     use a :ref:`301 redirect <website/URL-redirection>`, maintaining the SEO link juice.
+
+Images
+======
+
+The size of images has a significant impact on page speed, which is an essential criterion for
+search engines to optimize SEO ranking.
+
+.. tip::
+   Compare how your website ranks using `Google Page Speed <https://pagespeed.web.dev/?utm_source=psi&utm_medium=redirect>`_
+   or `Pingdom Website Speed Test <https://tools.pingdom.com/>`_.
+
+Odoo automatically compresses uploaded images and converts them to `Webp`. With this file format,
+photos are smaller, which increases the page loading speed and, therefore, gives a better ranking in
+SEO. All images used in Odoo official themes are also compressed by default. If you are using a
+third-party theme, it may provide images that are not compressed efficiently.
+
+**To modify an image** from your website, select the image, click :guilabel:`Edit`, then go to the
+:guilabel:`Customize` tab, and adapt the :guilabel:`Format` in the :guilabel:`Image` section.
+
+.. image:: seo/image-format.png
+   :alt: automated image compression
+
+.. important::
+   Alt tags are used to provide context to what an image is displaying, informing search engine
+   crawlers and allowing them to index an image correctly. Adding alt tags keywords in the
+   :guilabel:`Description` field is essential from an SEO perspective. This description is added to
+   the HTML code of your image, and it is shown when the image cannot be displayed.
+
+Advanced features
+=================
+
+Structured data markup
+----------------------
+
+Structured data markup is used to generate rich snippets in search engine results. It is a way for
+websites to send structured data to search engine robots, helping them understand your content and
 create well-presented search results.
 
-Google supports a number of rich snippets for content types, including:
-Reviews, People, Products, Businesses, Events and Organizations.
+By default, Google supports many `rich snippets <https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2009/05/introducing-rich-snippets>`_
+for content types, including Reviews, People, Products, Businesses, Events, and Organizations.
 
-Odoo implements micro data as defined in the
-`schema.org <http://schema.org>`__ specification for events, eCommerce
-products, forum posts and contact addresses. This allows your product
-pages to be displayed in Google using extra information like the price
-and rating of a product:
+Microdata is a set of tags, introduced with HTML5, that help search engines better understand your
+content and display it in a relevant way. Odoo implements microdata as defined in the schema.org
+`specification <https://schema.org/docs/gs.html>`_ for events, eCommerce products, forum posts, and
+contact addresses. This allows your product pages to be displayed in Google using extra information
+like the price and rating of a product:
 
-.. image:: seo/seo14.png
-   :align: center
+.. image:: seo/data-markup.png
+   :alt: snippets in search engine results
 
 robots.txt
 ----------
 
-When indexing your website, search engines take a first look at the
-general indexing rules of the ``/robots.txt`` file (allowed robots,
-sitemap path, etc.). Odoo automatically creates it. Its content is:
+A robots.txt file tells search engine crawlers which URLs the crawler can access on your site, to
+index its content. This is used mainly to avoid overloading your site with requests.
 
-User-agent: \*
-Sitemap: https://www.odoo.com/sitemap.xml
+When indexing your website, search engines take a first look at the robots.txt file. Odoo
+automatically creates one robot.txt file available on `mydatabase.odoo.com/robots.txt`.
 
-It means that all robots are allowed to index your website
-and there is no other indexing rule than specified in the sitemap
-to be found at following address.
+By editing a robots.txt file, you can control which site pages are accessible to search engine
+crawlers. To add custom instructions to the file, go to :menuselection:`Website --> Configuration
+--> Settings`, scroll down to the :guilabel:`SEO` section, and click :guilabel:`Edit robots.txt`.
 
-You can customize the file *robots* in :ref:`developer mode <developer-mode>` from *Settings -->
-Technical --> User Interface --> Views* (exclude robots, exclude some pages, redirect to a custom
-Sitemap). Make the Model Data of the view *Non Updatable* to not reset the file after system
-upgrades.
+.. example::
+   If you do not want the robots to crawl the `/about-us` page of your site, you can edit the
+   robots.txt file to add `Disallow: /about-us`.
+
+Sitemap
+-------
+
+The sitemap points out website pages and their relation to each other to search engine robots. Odoo
+generates a `/sitemap.xml` file, including all URLs. For performance reasons, this file is cached
+and updated every 12 hours.
+
+.. note::
+   If your website has a lot of pages, Odoo automatically creates a Sitemap Index file, respecting
+   the `sitemaps.org protocol <http://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.html>`_, grouping sitemap URLs in
+   45000 chunks per file.
+
+Every sitemap entry has three attributes that are computed automatically:
+
+- `<loc>`: the URL of a page.
+- `<lastmod>`: last modification date of the resource, computed automatically based on the related
+  object. For a page related to a product, this could be the last modification date of the product
+  or the page.
+- `<priority>`: modules may implement their priority algorithm based on their content (for example,
+  a forum might assign a priority based on the number of votes on a specific post). The priority of
+  a static page is defined by its priority field, which is normalized (16 is the default).
+
+.. tip::
+   To prevent pages from appearing in a sitemap, go to :menuselection:`Site --> Properties`, click
+   the :guilabel:`Publish` tab, and turn off the :guilabel:`Indexed` feature.
+
+     .. image:: seo/page-properties.png
+        :alt:  disabling the “Indexed” checkbox
+
+Hreflang HTML tags
+------------------
+
+Odoo automatically includes `hreflang` and `x-default` tags in the code of your website's
+multilingual pages. These HTML attributes are crucial in informing search engines about a specific
+page's language and geographical targeting.
+
+.. seealso::
+   :doc:`../configuration/translate`