[ADD] accounting: add colombian localization docs

Text by REN.

accounting/localizations.rst

@@ -10,4 +10,5 @@ Localizations
    localizations/mexico
    localizations/nederlands
    localizations/spain
-   localizations/switzerland
+   localizations/switzerland
+   localizations/colombia

accounting/localizations/colombia.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+========
+Colombia
+========
+
+Introduction
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Electronic invoicing for Colombia is available from Odoo 12 and
+requires the next modules:
+
+#. **l11n_co**: All the basic data to manage the accounting module,
+   contains the default setup for: chart of accounts, taxes,
+   retentions, identification document types
+#. **l10n_co_edi**: This module includes all the extra fields that are
+   required for the Integration with Carvajal T&S and generate the
+   electronic invoice, based on the DIAN legal requirements.
+
+Workflow
+~~~~~~~~
+
+.. image:: media/colombia01.png
+   :align: center
+
+Configuration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+1. Install the Colombian localization modules
+---------------------------------------------
+
+For this, go in Apps and search for Colombia. Then click Install for
+the first two modules.
+
+.. image:: media/colombia02.png
+   :align: center
+
+2. Configure credentials for Carvajal T&S web service
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+Once that the modules are installed, in order to be able to connect
+with Carvajal T&S Web Service, it's necessary to configure the user
+and credentials, this information will be provided by Carvajal T&S.
+
+Go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Configuration --> Settings` and
+look for the *Colombian Electronic Invoice* section.
+
+.. image:: media/colombia03.png
+   :align: center
+
+Using the Testing mode it is possible to connect with a Carvajal T&S
+testing environment. This allows users to test the complete workflow
+and integration with the CEN Financiero portal, which is accessible
+here: https://cenfinancierolab.cen.biz
+
+Once that Odoo and Carvajal T&S is fully configured and ready for
+production the testing environment can be disabled.
+
+3. Configure your report data
+-----------------------------
+
+As part of the configurable information that is sent in the XML, you
+can define the data for the fiscal section and the bank information in
+the PDF.
+
+Go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Configuration --> Settings` and
+look for the *Colombian Electronic Invoice* section.
+
+.. image:: media/colombia04.png
+   :align: center
+
+4. Configure data required in the XML
+-------------------------------------
+
+4.1 Partner
++++++++++++
+
+4.1.1 Identification
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+As part of the Colombian Localization, the document types defined by
+the DIAN are now available on the Partner form. Colombian partners
+have to have their identification number and document type set:
+
+.. image:: media/colombia05.png
+   :align: center
+
+.. tip:: When the document type is RUT the identification number needs
+   to be configured in Odoo including the verification digit, Odoo
+   will split this number when the data to the third party vendor is
+   sent.
+
+4.1.2 Fiscal structure (RUT)
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The partner's responsibility codes (section 53 in the RUT document)
+are included as part of the electronic invoice module given that is
+part of the information required by the DIAN .
+
+These fields can be found in :menuselection:`Partner --> Sales &
+Purchase Tab --> Fiscal Information`
+
+.. image:: media/colombia06.png
+   :align: center
+
+Additionally two booleans fields were added in order to specify the
+fiscal regimen of the partner.
+
+4.2 Taxes
++++++++++
+
+If your sales transactions include products with taxes, it's important
+to consider that an extra field *Value Type* needs to be configured
+per tax. This option is located in the Advanced Options tab.
+
+.. image:: media/colombia07.png
+   :align: center
+
+Retention tax types (ICA, IVA, Fuente) are also included in the
+options to configure your taxes. This configuration is used in order
+to correctly display taxes in the invoice PDF.
+
+.. image:: media/colombia08.png
+   :align: center
+
+4.3 Journals
+++++++++++++
+
+Once the DIAN has assigned the official sequence and prefix for the
+electronic invoice resolution, the Sales journals related to your
+invoice documents need to be updated in Odoo.  The sequence can be
+accessed using developer mode: :menuselection:`Accounting --> Settings
+--> Configuration Setting --> Journals`.
+
+.. image:: media/colombia09.png
+   :align: center
+
+Once that the sequence is opened, the Prefix and Next Number fields
+should be configured and synchronized with the CEN Financiero.
+
+.. image:: media/colombia10.png
+   :align: center
+
+4.4 Users
++++++++++
+
+The default template that is used by Odoo on the invoice PDF includes
+the job position of the salesperson, so these fields should be
+configured:
+
+.. image:: media/colombia11.png
+   :align: center
+
+Usage and testing
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+1. Invoice
+----------
+
+When all your master data and credentials has been configured, it's
+possible to start testing the electronic invoice workflow.
+
+1.1 Invoice creation
+++++++++++++++++++++
+
+The functional workflow that takes place before an invoice validation
+doesn't change. The main changes that are introduced with the
+electronic invoice are the next fields:
+
+.. image:: media/colombia12.png
+   :align: center
+
+There are three types of documents:
+
+- **Factura Electronica**: This is the regular type of document and
+  its applicable for Invoices, Credit Notes and Debit Notes.
+- **Factura de Importación**: This should be selected for importation
+  transactions.
+- **Factura de contingencia**: This is an exceptional type that is
+  used as a manual backup in case that the company is not able to use
+  the ERP and it's necessary to generate the invoice manually, when
+  this invoice is added to the ERP, this invoice type should be
+  selected.
+
+1.2 Invoice validation
+++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+After the invoice is validated an XML file is created and sent
+automatically to Carvajal, this file is displayed in the chatter.
+
+.. image:: media/colombia13.png
+   :align: center
+
+An extra field is now displayed in "Other Info" tab with the name of
+the XML file. Additionally there is a second extra field that is
+displayed with the Electronic Invoice status, with the initial value
+"In progress":
+
+.. image:: media/colombia14.png
+   :align: center
+
+1.3 Reception of legal XML and PDF
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+The electronic invoice vendor receives the XML file and proceeds to
+validate the structure and the information in it, if everything is
+correct the invoice status changes to "Validated" after using the
+"Check Carvajal Status" button in the Action dropdown. They then
+proceed to generate a Legal XML which includes a digital signature and
+a unique code (CUFE), a PDF invoice that includes a QR code and the
+CUFE is also generated.
+
+After this:
+
+- A ZIP containing the legal XML and the PDF is downloaded and
+  displayed in the invoice chatter:
+
+.. image:: media/colombia15.png
+   :align: center
+
+.. image:: media/colombia16.png
+   :align: center
+
+- The Electronic Invoice status changes to "Accepted"
+
+1.4 Common errors
++++++++++++++++++
+
+During the XML validation the most common errors are usually related
+to missing master data. In such cases, error messages are shown in the
+chatter after updating the electronic invoice status.
+
+.. image:: media/colombia17.png
+   :align: center
+
+After the master data is corrected, it's possible to reprocess the XML
+with the new data and send the updated version, using the following
+button:
+
+.. image:: media/colombia18.png
+   :align: center
+
+.. image:: media/colombia19.png
+   :align: center
+
+2. Additional use cases
+-----------------------
+
+The process for credit and debit notes is exactly the same as the
+invoice, the functional workflow remains the same as well.