[IMP] Inventory: Update product type documentation

closes odoo/documentation#11409

Signed-off-by: Liz Bender (beli) <beli@odoo.com>

content/applications/inventory_and_mrp/inventory/product_management/configure/type.rst

@@ -4,228 +4,346 @@ Product type
 
 .. |BOM| replace:: :abbr:`BoM (Bill of Materials)`
 
-Define *product types* in Odoo to track products in varying levels of detail.
+In Odoo, goods and services are both set up as *products*. When setting up a new product, there are
+several fields that should be carefully chosen, as they determine how to invoice and track a
+business' goods or services.
 
-Classify products as *storable* to track stock counts, allowing users to trigger :doc:`reordering
-rules <../../warehouses_storage/replenishment/reordering_rules>` for generating purchase orders.
-*Consumable* products are assumed to always be in stock, and *service* products are performed and
-served by the business.
+To configure an existing product, go to :menuselection:`Inventory app --> Products --> Products`,
+and select the desired product from the list. Alternatively, from the :guilabel:`Products` menu,
+click :guilabel:`New` to create a new product.
 
 .. seealso::
    `Odoo Tutorials: Product Type <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6j0ZkP5mLM>`_
 
-Set product type
-================
+.. _inventory/product_management/for-sale-or-purchase:
 
-To set a product type, go to :menuselection:`Inventory app --> Products --> Products`, and select
-the desired product from the list.
+For sale vs. purchase
+=====================
 
-On the product form, in the :guilabel:`Product Type` field, select:
+Goods and services can be designated as those that can be bought, sold, or both. On the product
+form, tick the :guilabel:`Sales` checkbox if a product can be *sold* to a customer (e.g. finished
+goods). Tick :guilabel:`Purchase` if the product can be *purchased* (e.g. raw materials).
 
-- :guilabel:`Storable Product` for products tracked with stock counts. Only storable products can
-  trigger reordering rules for generating purchase orders;
+.. example::
+   If a resale clothing shop buys discounted denim jackets and sells them at a higher cost to the
+   end consumer, the `Jacket` product form might have *both* the :guilabel:`Sales` and
+   :guilabel:`Purchase` checkbox ticked.
 
-   .. tip::
-      Choose :guilabel:`Storable Product` if it is necessary to track a product's stock at various
-      locations, inventory valuations, or if the product has lots and/or serial numbers.
+   On the other hand, say the store occasionally sews new jackets using denim and thread as
+   raw materials. In the `Denim` and `Thread` product forms, only :guilabel:`Purchase` should be
+   ticked, whereas the `Handmade Jacket` product form would only tick :guilabel:`Sales`.
 
-- :guilabel:`Consumable` for products that are always assumed to be in stock, whose quantities are
-  not necessary to track or forecast (e.g. nails, toilet paper, coffee, etc.). Consumables are
-  replaceable and essential, but exact counts are unnecessary; or
-- :guilabel:`Service` for sellable service products that are performed, and not tracked with stock
-  counts (i.e. maintenance, installation, or repair services).
+Goods vs. services
+==================
 
-  .. image:: type/product-form.png
-    :align: center
-    :alt: Set a product type on the product form.
+When configuring a product, a :guilabel:`Product Type` needs to be selected on the
+:guilabel:`General Information` tab of a product form. Each product type impacts different
+operations in other Odoo applications, such as **Sales** and **Purchase**, and should be chosen
+carefully.
+
+- :guilabel:`Goods`: a tangible, material object (e.g. anything from a hamburger to a house)
+- :guilabel:`Service`: an intangible, immaterial offering (e.g., a repair, a haircut, call center
+  assistance)
+- :guilabel:`Combo`: any mix of goods and services (e.g. a new car (*good*) with an oil change
+  included (*service*))
 
 .. note::
-   The product types listed above are part of the standard *Inventory* app. For access to the fields
-   below, :ref:`install <general/install>` the corresponding apps **in addition** to *Inventory*.
+  Due to their immaterial nature, services are not trackable in Odoo's **Inventory** application.
 
-- :guilabel:`Booking Fees`: charge a fee for booking appointments through the *Appointments* app.
-  Requires the installation of the *Calendar* app and *Pay to Book* (`appointment_account_payment`)
-  module
-- :guilabel:`Combo`: create discounted products sold in a bundle. Requires the installation of the
-  *PoS* app.
-- :guilabel:`Event Ticket`: sold to attendees wanting to go to an event. Requires the installation
-  of the *Events* app
-- :guilabel:`Event Booth`: sold to partners or sponsors to set up a booth at an event. Requires the
-  installation of the *Events* app
-- :guilabel:`Course`: sell access to an educational course. Requires the installation of the
-  *eLearning* app
+.. _inventory/product_management/manufacture:
 
-Compare types
-=============
+Configure goods
+===============
 
-Below is a summary of how each product type affects common *Inventory* operations, like transfers,
-reordering rules, and the forecasted report. Click the chart item with an asterisk (*) to navigate
-to detailed sections.
+Selecting :guilabel:`Goods` as the :guilabel:`Product Type` automatically triggers the appearance of
+a few fields and tabs in the product form:
+
+- :guilabel:`Inventory` tab: From here,
+  :doc:`purchasing and manufacturing routes <../../shipping_receiving/daily_operations/use_routes>`
+  and product logistics, such as product weight and customer lead time, can be specified.
+- :ref:`Invoicing Policy <inventory/product_management/invoicing-policy>` field: This field
+  determines at what point in the sales process a customer is invoiced.
+
+  .. important::
+     The :guilabel:`Invoicing Policy` field **only** appears if the **Sales** app is installed.
+
+- :ref:`Track Inventory <inventory/product_management/tracking-inventory>` field: This checkbox
+  determines whether Odoo tracks inventory for this product.
+- Smart buttons: Some smart buttons appear above the form when :guilabel:`Goods` is selected;
+  others show upon selecting a :guilabel:`Track Inventory` method. For example,
+  :guilabel:`On Hand` and :guilabel:`Forecasted` display when :guilabel:`Track Inventory` is
+  ticked. In general, most smart buttons on a product form link to :ref:`inventory operations
+  <inventory/product_management/inventory-ops-by-product-type>`.
+
+.. image:: type/product-form.png
+   :alt: Designate a product as a good or service.
+
+.. _inventory/product_management/invoicing-policy:
+
+Invoicing policy
+----------------
+
+The :guilabel:`Invoicing policy` field only shows on the product form if a product is for sale (in
+other words, if :guilabel:`Sales` is ticked, and the **Sales** app is installed).
+
+When configuring a product for sale, it is necessary to choose an
+:doc:`invoicing policy <../../../../sales/sales/invoicing/invoicing_policy>`. When an invoicing
+policy of :guilabel:`Ordered quantities` is selected, customers are invoiced once the sales order
+is confirmed. When :guilabel:`Delivered quantities` is selected, customers are invoiced once the
+delivery is completed.
+
+.. _inventory/product_management/tracking-inventory:
+
+Tracked vs. untracked goods
+---------------------------
+
+The :guilabel:`Track Inventory` field on the product form determines a lot of Odoo's **Inventory**
+operations.
+
+*Tracked* products are those for which stock and inventory are maintained. Examples include finished
+goods and, often, the raw materials or components needed to make them.
+
+When :guilabel:`Track Inventory` is ticked, a drop-down menu appears, offering for inventory to be
+tracked one of three ways: :guilabel:`By Unique Serial Number`, :guilabel:`By Lots`, or
+:guilabel:`By Quantity`.
+
+.. image:: type/tracked.png
+   :alt: Configure a tracked good.
+
+*Untracked* products (sometimes referred to as *non-inventory* products) are typically consumed in a
+short period of time, meaning that stock/inventory does *not* need to be maintained. Non-inventory
+products are often essential, but exact counts are unnecessary. Examples include: office supplies,
+packaging materials, or items used in production that do not need to be individually tracked.
+
+.. tip::
+   Tick the :guilabel:`Track Inventory` checkbox if it is necessary to track a product's stock at
+   various locations, for inventory valuation, with lots and/or serial numbers, or when using
+   reordering rules.
+
+.. seealso::
+   :doc:`Tracking storable products using lot and serial numbers <../product_tracking>`
+
+.. _inventory/product_management/inventory-ops-by-product-type:
+
+Inventory operations by product type
+------------------------------------
+
+:ref:`Whether a good is tracked or untracked <inventory/product_management/tracking-inventory>`
+affects common **Inventory** operations, like transfers and reordering rules.
+
+The table below summarizes which operations (and smart buttons) are enabled for tracked vs.
+untracked goods. Click highlighted chart items to navigate to detailed sections and related
+documents.
 
 .. list-table::
    :header-rows: 1
    :stub-columns: 1
 
-   * - Product type
-     - Storable
-     - Consumable
-     - Service
-   * - Physical product
-     - Yes
+   * - Inventory operation
+     - Tracked
+     - Untracked
+   * - :ref:`Show on-hand quantity <inventory/product_management/on-hand>`
      - Yes
      - No
-   * - On-hand quantity
-     - :ref:`Yes* <inventory/product_management/on-hand-store>`
-     - :ref:`Yes* <inventory/product_management/on-hand-con>`
-     - No
-   * - :doc:`Inventory valuation <../inventory_valuation/using_inventory_valuation>`
+   * - :ref:`Show forecasted quantity <inventory/product_management/on-hand>`
      - Yes
      - No
-     - No
-   * - Create transfer
-     - :ref:`Yes* <inventory/product_management/transfer-store>`
-     - :ref:`Yes* <inventory/product_management/transfer-con>`
-     - :ref:`No* <inventory/product_management/transfer-serv>`
-   * - :doc:`Lot/serial number tracking <../product_tracking>`
+   * - :ref:`Use reordering rules <inventory/product_management/replenishment>`
      - Yes
      - No
-     - No
-   * - Create purchase order
-     - Yes
-     - :ref:`Yes* <inventory/product_management/po>`
-     - No
-   * - Can be manufactured or subcontracted
-     - :ref:`Yes* <inventory/product_management/manufacture>`
-     - :ref:`Yes* <inventory/product_management/manufacture>`
-     - No
-   * - Can be in a kit
+   * - :ref:`Can be included in a purchase order <inventory/product_management/po>`
      - Yes
      - Yes
-     - No
-   * - Placed in package
+   * - :ref:`Use putaway rules <inventory/product_management/putaway>`
      - Yes
-     - :ref:`Yes* <inventory/product_management/package>`
      - No
-   * - Appears on Inventory report
-     - :ref:`Yes <inventory/product_management/report>`
+   * - :ref:`Can be manufactured, subcontracted, or used in another good's BoM
+       <inventory/product_management/manufacturing>`
+     - Yes
+     - Yes
+   * - :doc:`Use inventory adjustments <../../warehouses_storage/inventory_management/count_products>`
+     - Yes
      - No
+   * - :doc:`Use inventory valuation <../inventory_valuation/using_inventory_valuation>`
+     - Yes
+     - No
+   * - :ref:`Create transfer <inventory/product_management/transfer-store>`
+     - Yes
+     - Yes
+   * - :doc:`Use lot/serial number tracking <../product_tracking>`
+     - Yes
+     - No
+   * - :doc:`Can be placed in a kit <../../../manufacturing/advanced_configuration/kit_shipping>`
+     - Yes
+     - Yes
+   * - :ref:`Can be placed in a package <inventory/product_management/package>`
+     - Yes
+     - Yes
+   * - :ref:`Appears on inventory reports <inventory/product_management/report>`
+     - Yes
      - No
 
-.. _inventory/product_management/on-hand-store:
+Inventory
+~~~~~~~~~
 
-On-hand quantity
-----------------
+.. _inventory/product_management/on-hand:
 
-A storable product's on-hand and forecasted quantities, based on incoming and outgoing orders, are
-reflected on the product form, accessed by going to :menuselection:`Inventory app --> Products -->
-Products`, and selecting the desired product.
+On-hand and forecasted quantities
+*********************************
 
-.. figure:: type/on-hand.png
-   :align: center
-   :alt: Show "On Hand" and "Forecast" smart buttons.
+A tracked product's on-hand and forecasted quantities, based on incoming and outgoing orders, are
+reflected on the product form with two smart buttons:
 
-   Current and forecasted quantities are displayed in the **On Hand** and **Forecasted** smart
-   buttons on the product form.
+- :icon:`fa-cubes` :guilabel:`On-Hand Quantity`: This represents the number of units currently
+  available in inventory. Click the button to view or add stock levels for a tracked product.
+- :icon:`fa-area-chart` :guilabel:`Forecasted`: This represents the number of units *expected* to be
+  available in inventory after all orders are taken into account. In other words,
+  :math:`\text{forecasted} = \text{on hand quantity} + \text{incoming shipments} - \text{outgoing shipments}`.
+  Click the button to view the :guilabel:`Forecasted Report`.
 
-.. _inventory/product_management/on-hand-con:
+On the other hand, untracked products are regarded as *always* available. Consequently,
+:guilabel:`On-Hand Quantity` is not tracked, and there is no :guilabel:`Forecasted` quantity
+available.
 
-On the other hand, consumable products are regarded as always available, and they **cannot** be
-managed using reordering rules or lot/serial numbers.
+.. _inventory/product_management/putaway:
 
-.. _inventory/product_management/transfer-store:
+Putaway rules and storage
+*************************
 
-Create transfer
----------------
+Both tracked and untracked goods can optimize storage using:
 
-*Transfers* are any warehouse operation, such as receipts, internal or batch transfers, or
-deliveries.
+- :icon:`fa-random` :doc:`Putaway Rules <../../shipping_receiving/daily_operations/putaway>`:
+  This represents putaway rules that apply to a good, such as where to store it when a new shipment
+  arrives.
+- :icon:`fa-cubes`
+  :doc:`Storage Capacities <../../shipping_receiving/daily_operations/storage_category>`:
+  This represents any storage capacity limitations specified for this good. For example, a warehouse
+  may require that only ten (or less) sofas be stored there at any given time, due to their large
+  size.
 
-When creating a transfer for storable products in the *Inventory* app, transfers modify the on-hand
-quantity at each location.
+.. _inventory/product_management/replenishment:
 
-For example, transferring five units from the internal location `WH/Stock` to `WH/Packing Zone`
-decreases the recorded quantity at `WH/Stock` and increases it at `WH/Packing Zone`.
+Replenishment
+*************
 
-.. _inventory/product_management/transfer-con:
+Reordering rules
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-For consumable products, transfers can be created, but exact quantities at each storage location are
-not tracked.
+Only tracked products can trigger
+:doc:`reordering rules <../../warehouses_storage/replenishment/reordering_rules>` to generate
+purchase orders. Untracked goods *cannot* be managed using reordering rules.
 
-.. _inventory/product_management/transfer-serv:
+Reordering rules can be configured directly on the product form via the
+:icon:`fa-refresh` :guilabel:`(refresh)` icon.
 
-Service products cannot be included in transfers, but these products can be `linked to projects and
-tasks for deadline tracking <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fix2LGkv13c>`_.
+.. note::
+   If reordering rules already exist on a product, Odoo re-labels this button to
+   :guilabel:`Min / Max`, to show the minimum and maximum number of units that must be in stock.
 
 .. _inventory/product_management/po:
 
-Create purchase order
----------------------
+Create purchase orders
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Both storable and consumable products can be included in a request for quotation in the *Purchase*
-app.
+Both tracked and untracked products can be included in a request for quotation in the **Purchase**
+app. However, when receiving untracked products, their on-hand quantity does not change upon
+validating the receipt (`WH/IN`).
 
-However, when receiving consumable products, their on-hand quantity does not change upon validating
-the receipt (e.g. `WH/IN`).
+Replenish smart button
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-.. _inventory/product_management/manufacture:
+The :guilabel:`Replenish` smart button allows all goods to be restocked directly from the product
+form, according to the *Preferred Route*.
 
-Manufacture or subcontract
---------------------------
+.. seealso::
+   :doc:`Replenishment <../../warehouses_storage/replenishment>`
+   `Odoo Tutorials: Replenishment Methods for Manufacturing
+   <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtjeMGcG8aM>`_
 
-Storable and consumable products can be manufactured, subcontracted, or included in a bill of
-materials (BoM).
+.. _inventory/product_management/manufacturing:
 
-.. figure:: type/manufacture.png
-   :align: center
-   :alt: Show "Bill of Materials" and "Used In" smart buttons.
+Manufacturing
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-   When the **Bill of Materials** and **Used In** smart buttons are visible on the product form,
-   this indicates the product can be manufactured or used as a component of a |BOM|.
+Both tracked and untracked products can be manufactured,
+:doc:`subcontracted <../../../manufacturing/subcontracting>`, or included in another product's
+:doc:`bill of materials (BoM) <../../../manufacturing/basic_setup/bill_configuration>`.
+
+.. _inventory/product_management/BoM:
+
+On the product form for a tracked or untracked good, there are several smart buttons that may
+appear for manufacturing operations:
+
+- :icon:`fa-flask` :guilabel:`Bill of Materials`: This shows the BoMs used to make this product.
+- :icon:`fa-level-up` :guilabel:`Used In`: This shows other goods that include this product in their
+  BoM.
+
+.. _inventory/product_management/transfer-store:
+
+Transfer goods
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+*Transfers* are warehouse operations that involve the movement of goods. Examples of transfers
+include
+:doc:`deliveries and receipts <../../shipping_receiving/daily_operations/receipts_delivery_one_step>`,
+as well as :doc:`internal transfers <../../warehouses_storage/replenishment/resupply_warehouses>`
+between warehouses.
+
+When creating a transfer for tracked products in the **Inventory** app, transfers modify the on-hand
+quantity at each location. For example, transferring five units from the internal location
+`WH/Stock` to `WH/Packing Zone` decreases the recorded quantity at `WH/Stock` and increases it at
+`WH/Packing Zone`.
+
+For untracked products, transfers can be created, but exact quantities at each storage location are
+not tracked.
 
 .. _inventory/product_management/package:
 
 Packages
---------
+~~~~~~~~
 
-Both storable and consumable products can be placed in :doc:`packages <package>`.
+Both tracked and untracked (non-inventory), products can be placed in :doc:`packages <package>`.
 
-However, for consumable products, the quantity is not tracked, and the product is not listed in the
-package's :guilabel:`Contents`, accessed by going to :menuselection:`Inventory app --> Products -->
-Packages`, and selecting the desired package.
+However, for non-inventory products, the quantity is not tracked, and the product is not listed in
+the package's :guilabel:`Contents` (which can be accessed by going to :menuselection:`Inventory app
+--> Products --> Packages`, and selecting the desired package).
 
 .. figure:: type/package-content.png
-   :align: center
    :alt: Show Packages page, containing the package contents list.
 
-   A consumable product was placed in the package, but the **Content** section does not list it.
+   An untracked product was placed in the package, but the **Content** section does not list it.
 
-If the *Move Entire Package* feature is enabled, moving a package updates the location of the
-contained storable products. However, the location of consumable products are not updated.
+Additionally, if the *Move Entire Packages* feature is enabled, moving a package updates the
+location of the contained tracked products but not the contained untracked products. To enable this
+feature, navigate to :menuselection:`Inventory app --> Configuration --> Operations Types`, select
+any operation, and tick the :guilabel:`Move Entire Packages` checkbox.
 
 .. _inventory/product_management/report:
 
-Inventory report
-----------------
+Inventory reports
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-**Only** storable products appear on the following reports.
+**Only** tracked products appear on the following reports.
 
-The *stock report* is a comprehensive list of all on-hand, unreserved, incoming, and outgoing
-storable products. The report is only available to users with :doc:`administrator access
-<../../../../general/users/access_rights>`, and is found by navigating to :menuselection:`Inventory
-app --> Reporting --> Stock`.
+.. important::
+   These reports are only available to users with
+   :doc:`administrator access <../../../../general/users/access_rights>`.
 
-.. image:: type/stock-report.png
-   :align: center
-   :alt: Show stock reporting list found in Inventory > Reporting > Stock.
+- :doc:`Stock report <../../warehouses_storage/reporting/stock>`: This report provides a
+  comprehensive list of all on-hand, unreserved, incoming, and outgoing tracked inventory. To access
+  the report, go to :menuselection:`Inventory app --> Reporting --> Stock`.
+- :doc:`Location report  <../../warehouses_storage/reporting/locations>`: This report shows a
+  breakdown of which tracked products are held at each location (internal, external, or virtual).
+  The report is only available with the *Storage Location* feature activated
+  (:menuselection:`Inventory app --> Configuration --> Settings`). To access it, go to
+  :menuselection:`Inventory app --> Reporting --> Locations`.
+- :doc:`Moves History report <../../warehouses_storage/reporting/moves_history>`: This report
+  summarizes where and when this good has moved in/out of stock. To access the report, go to
+  :menuselection:`Inventory app --> Reporting --> Moves History`. Alternatively, click the
+  :icon:`fa-exchange` :guilabel:`In / Out` smart button on a product form to filter the report
+  on that product's specific moves history.
+- :guilabel:`Moves Analysis`: This report provides a pivot table view of inventory transfers by
+  operation type.
+- :ref:`Stock Valuation report <inventory/management/reporting/valuation-report>`: A detailed record
+  of the monetary value of all tracked inventory.
 
-The *location report* is a breakdown of each location (internal, external, or virtual) and the
-on-hand and reserved quantity of each storable product. The report is only available with the
-*Storage Location* feature activated (:menuselection:`Inventory app --> Configuration -->
-Settings`), and to users with :doc:`administrator access <../../../../general/users/access_rights>`.
-
-Navigate to the location report by going to :menuselection:`Inventory app --> Reporting -->
-Locations`.
-
-.. image:: type/location-report.png
-   :align: center
-   :alt: Show location reporting list found in Inventory > Reporting > Locations.