[IMP] MRP: Improvement of the subcontracting doc (#648)

manufacturing/management/subcontracting.rst

@@ -1,123 +1,232 @@
-=============================
-Subcontract the manufacturing
-=============================
+==============================
+Subcontract your Manufacturing
+==============================
 
-Some businesses subcontract the production of finished products through
-subcontractors. This can be easily managed through Odoo.
+Outsourcing a portion of some or all your company’s manufacturing needs
+is not easy. To make it work right, you have to:
+
+- Manage the inventory of raw materials at your subcontractor;
+- Ship new materials to your subcontractors based on your forecasted
+  demand;
+- Keep track of manufacturing operations done at the subcontractor
+  location;
+- Control incoming goods quality;
+- Control subcontractors bills.
+
+Here is an example of subcontracting the manufacturing of “C”, which is
+produced out of raw materials “A” and “B”.
+
+.. image:: media/subcontracting_01.png
+    :align: center
+    :alt: 
+
+With its subcontracting feature, Odoo helps you handle this flow easily.
 
 Configuration
 =============
 
-Go to the :menuselection:`Manufacturing app --> Configuration --> Settings` and tick the
-box *Subcontracting*.
-
-.. image:: media/subcontracting_01.png
-    :align: center
-
-You can now define subcontracted *Bill of Materials*. Therefore, you need to go to
-:menuselection:`Manufacturing --> Master Data --> Bill of Materials` and hit *Create*. In this
-*BoM*, list the components which will be used by the subcontractor to manufacture the subcontracted
-finished product. Specify that the *BoM* type is *Subcontracting* and define one or
-several subcontractors who will provide you the product.
+To use the subcontracting feature, go to :menuselection:`Manufacturing
+--> Configuration --> Settings` and tick the box *Subcontracting*.
 
 .. image:: media/subcontracting_02.png
     :align: center
+    :alt: 
+
+To define if a product must be subcontracted, use a *Bill of Materials
+(BoM)* of type *Subcontracting*.
+
+To create a new *BoM*, go to :menuselection:`Manufacturing --> Master
+Data --> Bill of Materials` and hit create. Then, list the components
+your subcontractor needs to manufacture the product. For costing
+purposes, you might want to register all the components, even the ones
+that are sourced directly from the subcontractor.
+
+Once you have set the *BoM Type* to *Subcontracting*, specify one or
+several subcontractors.
 
 .. image:: media/subcontracting_03.png
     :align: center
+    :alt: 
 
-And... the configuration part is already done!
+Basic Subcontracting Flow
+=========================
 
-Receive or buy a subcontracted product
-======================================
-
-You have two options to trigger the subcontracting of a product:
-
--  **Option A**: You can buy the subcontracted product from your subcontractor
-
--  **Option B**: You can directly receive the subcontracted product
-
-Let’s start with option A (option B is just a simpler version of it).
-
-Create a new purchase order. The vendor must be a subcontractor. The
-unit price should be the cost you are paying to the subcontractor for
-the subcontracting (thus, it’s not necessarily the total cost of the
-subcontracted product).
+To let your subcontractor know how many products you need, create and
+send them purchase orders (PO). To do so, open the *Purchase* app and
+create a new one. Be sure to send the PO to a vendor that is defined as
+a subcontractor on the *BoM*.
 
 .. image:: media/subcontracting_04.png
     :align: center
+    :alt: 
 
-The validation of the purchase order automatically creates the receipt.
-Whenever you receive the product, you can validate the receipt. The
-following stock moves are created:
+Once the *PO* is validated (1), a pending receipt is created. When the
+products are received, validate the receipt (2), with the actual
+quantity received. Then Odoo automatically created several inventory
+moves:
 
--  For the components
+- Consume the components at the subcontractor’s location, based on the
+  *BoM* (3);
+- Produce finished goods at the subcontractor’s location (4);
+- Move products from the subcontractor’s location to YourCompany
+  through the validated receipt (5).
 
-   -  From Subcontracting To Production
+Of course, Odoo does all the transactions for you, automatically. Simply
+control the vendor bill with the usual matching process with the
+purchase order.
 
--  For the subcontracted product
+.. note::
+      The *PO* is optional. If you create a receipt manually, with the right
+      subcontractor, Odoo still performs all the moves. Useful if the
+      subcontractor does not bill a fixed price per item, but rather the time
+      and materials used.
 
-   -  From Production to Subcontracting
+Inventory Valuation
+===================
 
-   -  From Subcontracting to Stock
+The cost of the manufactured product “C” is defined as:
 
-The *Subcontracting Location* represents the place where the products
-are at your subcontractor’s warehouse. It is configured as an internal
-location, the components that are sent to the subcontractor are still
-valued in your stock.
+**C = A + B + s**
 
-For option B, you can simply create the receipt manually with a partner
-of type subcontractor defined on it.
+With:
 
-Receive or buy a subcontracted product with tracked components
-==============================================================
+-  **A**: Cost of raw materials coming from YourCompany;
 
-In case the subcontracted product you receive from your subcontractor
-contains tracked components, you will need to specify the *serial/lot
-numbers* of the components in question for traceability. This operation
-is included in the receipt of the subcontracted product.
+-  **B**: Cost of raw materials sourced directly from the
+       subcontractor;
 
-On the receipt, you see a *Record Components* button appearing when
-necessary. If you click on it, a *Produce* wizard opens in which you
-will have to enter the *serial/lot numbers* of the components, and the
-finished product if it is also tracked, like in the below example.
+-  **s**: Cost of the subcontracted service.
+
+Sending raw materials to your subcontractors (**A**) does not impact
+the inventory valuation, the components still belonging to your company.
+To manage this, the *Subcontracting Location* is configured as an
+*Internal Location* so that the components are still valued in the
+inventory.
+
+Then, the vendor price set on the product C form has to be what has to
+be paid to the subcontractor for his parts and service time: **B +
+s**. The product cost has to be: **A + B + s**, how much the
+product is valued in the accounting.
+
+Finally, the subcontractor bill matches the purchase order, with the
+proposed price coming from the finished products C.
+
+.. note::
+      If managing the replenishment of raw materials **B** at your
+      subcontractor’s location is not needed, simply include the cost of
+      **B** in the subcontractor’s price **s** and remove the products
+      *B* from the *BoM*.
+
+Traceability
+============
+
+In case the products received from the subcontractor contain tracked
+components, their serial or lot numbers need to be specified during the
+receipt.
+
+On the receipt of the subcontracted product, a *Record Components*
+button appears when necessary. Click on it to open a dialog and record
+the serial/lot numbers of the components. If the finished product is
+also tracked, its serial/lot number can be registered here too.
 
 .. image:: media/subcontracting_05.png
     :align: center
+    :alt: 
+
+For audit purposes, it is possible to check the lot numbers recorded on
+a receipt by using the icon on the right of the finished products:
 
 .. image:: media/subcontracting_06.png
     :align: center
+    :alt: 
 
-Once this information has been entered, you will see a new icon on the
-receipt stock move, which will allow you to find back the components
-which are part of the finished product.
+Automate Replenishment of Subcontractors
+========================================
+
+To manage the resupply of your subcontractor, activate
+*Multi-locations* in :menuselection:`Inventory --> Configuration -->
+Configuration`. Then, the inventory at the subcontractor location can
+be tracked.
+
+It is possible to resupply subcontractors by sending products from the
+company locations, or by sending products from another supplier to the
+subcontractors.
+
+Replenishment from the warehouse
+--------------------------------
+
+Resupplying subcontractors manually is the simplest approach. To do so,
+create delivery orders in which the subcontractor is set as a delivery
+address and fill the components to deliver.
+
+To automate the subcontractors’ replenishment propositions, there are
+two approaches:
+
+- Reordering rules;
+- Replenish on order flow.
+
+For the first one, just define a reordering rule on the subcontracting
+location, with a minimum and maximum inventory level. When the
+reordering rule is triggered, a delivery order is created to ship the
+components to the subcontractor.
 
 .. image:: media/subcontracting_07.png
     :align: center
+    :alt: 
 
-Resupply the subcontractor with the components
-==============================================
-
-There are 3 ways to manage the resupply of your subcontractor with the
-components:
-
--  **Manually**: You create a delivery order in which you set the subcontractor as a partner and you choose the components to deliver.
+The second approach is to use a “pull” flow. Here, the demand in the
+finished product (real demand or forecasted one through the Master
+Production Schedule) triggers the replenishment of the subcontractor. To
+do so, select the route *Resupply Subcontractor on Order* on the
+wanted components.
 
 .. image:: media/subcontracting_08.png
     :align: center
+    :alt: 
 
-.. note::
-        You therefore need to activate *Multi-locations* in the inventory settings.
+Replenishment from another supplier
+-----------------------------------
+
+When purchasing items to another supplier, it is possible to ask him to
+deliver the subcontractor directly. To do so, activate the *Drop
+Shipping* feature in :menuselection:`Purchase --> Configuration -->
+Configuration`.
+
+Now, set the *Dropship* option in the *Deliver To* field of the
+*Other Information* tab. Then, provide the address of the
+subcontractor for the shipping.
 
 .. image:: media/subcontracting_09.png
     :align: center
+    :alt: 
 
--  **With reordering rules**: You can define a *reordering rule* on the *Subcontracting location* to ensure that they are always enough components sent to your subcontractors. When the reordering rule is triggered, a delivery order is created for the product is automatically created.
+That way, the supplier can ship items directly and you simply receive
+and pay the bill. However, it is still required to validate receipts for
+the subcontractor.
 
 .. image:: media/subcontracting_10.png
     :align: center
+    :alt: 
 
--  **On order**: You can also deliver the components to your subcontractors each time you order a subcontracted product. For this, you need to tick the route *Resupply Subcontractor on Order* on the wanted components.
+Quality Control
+---------------
+
+Controlling the quality of the products manufactured by subcontractors
+is possible thanks to the Odoo Quality app. Quality checks can be made
+on a manufacturing step but, because the manufacturing process is
+handled by an external party, it can be defined on the product
+reception.
 
 .. image:: media/subcontracting_11.png
-    :align: center
+    :align: center
+    :alt: 
+
+To create a quality check at the receipt, open the *Quality* app and
+create a new *Control Point* on the reception.
+
+.. image:: media/subcontracting_12.png
+    :align: center
+    :alt: 
+
+By doing so, a quality check is automatically created each time a
+finished product is received.