[ADD] Localization Mexico

Creating documentation for v11.0

Closes #242

accounting/localizations/mexico.rst

@@ -1,12 +1,46 @@
-==============================
-Mexico Accounting Localization
-==============================
+===================
+Mexico Localization
+===================
+
+.. note::
+   This documentation is written assuming that you follow and know the official
+   documentation regarding Invoicing, Sales and Accounting and that you have
+   experience working with odoo on such areas, we are not intended to put
+   here procedures that are already explained on those documents, just the
+   information necessary to allow you use odoo in a Company with the country
+   "México" set.
+
+Introduction
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The mexican localization is a group of 3 modules:
+
+1. **l10n_mx:** All the basic data to manage the accounting, taxes and the
+   chart of account, this proposed chart of account installed is a intended
+   copy of the list of group codes offered by the `SAT`_.
+2. **l10n_mx_edi**: All regarding to electronic transactions, CFDI 3.2 and 3.3,
+   payment complement, invoice addendum.
+3. **l10n_mx_reports**: All mandatory electronic reports for electronic
+   accounting are here (Accounting app required).
+
+With the Mexican localization in Odoo you will be able not just to comply
+with the required features by law in México but to use it as your
+accounting and invoicing system due to all the set of normal requirements for
+this market, becoming your Odoo in the perfect solution to administer your
+company in México.
 
 Configuration 
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-First, install the Mexican Accounting Localization. For this, go in Apps
-and search for Mexico. Then click on *Install*.
+.. tip::
+   After the configuration we will give you the process to test everything,
+   try to follow step by step in order to allow you to avoid expend time on
+   fix debugging problems. In any step you can recall the step and try again.
+
+1. Install the Mexican Accounting Localization.
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+For this, go in Apps and search for Mexico. Then click on *Install*.
 
 .. image:: media/mexico01.png
    :align: center
@@ -16,42 +50,20 @@ and search for Mexico. Then click on *Install*.
    as country when creating your account, the mexican localization will be
    automatically installed.
 
-Accounting Reports
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+2. Electronic Invoices (CDFI 3.2 and 3.3 format)
+------------------------------------------------
 
-Some specific reports have been added for the Mexican accounting
-localization :
-
--  DIOT
-
--  COA
-
--  Trial Balance
-
-Electronic Invoices (CDFI format)
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-When sending a customer invoice by email, there is an option to join the
-xml file of the invoice to your email (CDFI format). To activate this
-setting, go in accounting > settings and activate the Mexican Electronic
-Invoicing.
+To enable this requirement in Mexico go to configuration in accounting Go in
+:menuselection:`Accounting --> Settings` and enable the option on the image
+with this you will be able to generate the signed invoice (CFDI 3.2 and 3.3)
+and generate the payment complement signed as well (3.3 only) all fully
+integrate with the normal invoicing flow in Odoo.
 
 .. image:: media/mexico02.png
    :align: center
 
-
-Invoices Certification
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-With the Odoo Mexican Localization, certify your customer invoices.
-
-Create your customer invoice and simply send it to a PAC. The PAC will
-sign the invoice and send it back to you but also send the invoice to
-the SAT. Your customer is able to check on the SAT if your invoice is
-well valid before paying it.
-
-Configuration
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+3. Set you legal information in the company
+-------------------------------------------
 
 First, make sure that your company is configured with the correct data.
 Go in :menuselection:`Settings --> Users --> Companies`
@@ -60,16 +72,90 @@ your company. Don’t forget to define a mexican fiscal position on your
 company’s contact.
 
 .. tip::
-   If you want to test the Mexican Localization, you can copy the
-   below configuration.
+   If you want use the Mexican localization on test mode, you can put any known
+   address inside Mexico with all fields for the company address and
+   set the vat to **ACO560518KW7**.
 
 .. image:: media/mexico03.png
    :align: center
 
+4. Set the proper "Fiscal Position" on the partner that represent the company.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Go In the same form where you are editing the company save the record in
+order to set this form as a readonly and on readonly view click on the partner
+link, then edit it and set in the *Invoicing* tab the proper Fiscal Information
+(for the **Test Environment** this must be *601 - General de Ley Personas
+Morales*, just search it as a normal Odoo field if you can't see the option).
+
+5. Enabling CFDI Version 3.3
+----------------------------
+
+.. warning::
+   This steps are only necessary when you will enable the CFDI 3.3 (only available
+   for V11.0 and above) if you do not have Version 11.0 or above on your
+   SaaS instance please ask for an upgrade sending a ticket to support in
+   https://www.odoo.com/help.
+
+Enable debug mode:
+
+.. image:: media/mexico10.png
+   :align: center
+
+Go and look the following technical parameter, on
+:menuselection:`Settings --> Technical --> Parameters --> System Parameters`
+and set the parameter called *l10n_mx_edi_cfdi_version* to 3.3 (Create it if
+the entry with this name does not exist).
+
+.. warning::
+   The CFDI 3.2 will be legally possible until November 30th 2017 enable the
+   3.3 version will be a mandatory step to comply with the new `SAT resolution`_.
+
+.. image:: media/mexico11.png
+   :align: center
+
+Important considerations when yo enable the CFDI 3.3
+====================================================
+
+Your tax which represent the VAT 16% and 0% must have the "Factor Type" field
+set to "Tasa".
+
+.. image:: media/mexico12.png
+   :align: center
+.. image:: media/mexico13.png
+   :align: center
+
+Yo must go to the Fiscal Position configuration and set the proper code (it is
+the first 3 numbers in the name) for example for the test one you should set
+601, it will look like the image.
+
+.. image:: media/mexico14.png
+   :align: center
+
+All products must have for CFDI 3.3 the "SAT code" and the field "Reference"
+properly set, you can export them and re import them to do it faster.
+
+.. image:: media/mexico15.png
+   :align: center
+
+6. Configure the PAC in order to sign properly the invoices
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
 To configure the EDI with the **PACs**, you can go in
 :menuselection:`Accounting --> Settings --> Electronic Invoicing (MX)`.
-You can choose a PAC within the`list of supported PACs and then enter
-your PAC username and PAC password.
+You can choose a PAC within the **List of supported PACs** on the *PAC field*
+and then enter your PAC username and PAC password.
+
+.. warning::
+   Remember you must sign up in the refereed PAC before hand, that process
+   can be done with the PAC itself on this case we will have two
+   (2) availables `Finkok`_ and `Solución Factible`_.
+
+   You must process your **Private Key (CSD)** with the SAT institution before
+   follow this steps, if you do not have such information please try all the
+   "Steps for Test" and come back to this process when you finish the process
+   proposed for the SAT in order to set this information for your production
+   environment with real transactions.
 
 .. image:: media/mexico04.png
    :align: center
@@ -78,9 +164,9 @@ your PAC username and PAC password.
    If you ticked the box *MX PAC test environment* there is no need
    to enter a PAC username or password.
 
-You then have to enter your **SAT Certificates**. You will have to
-upload your certificate, your certificate key and type your certificate
-password.
+You then have to enter your **Private Key (CSD)**. You will have to
+upload your certificate and key file and then type your certificate password
+(this password is given by the SAT).
 
 .. image:: media/mexico05.png
    :align: center
@@ -94,18 +180,202 @@ password.
       :target: ../../_static/files/certificate.key
 
 .. tip::
-   Here is a SAT certificate you can use if you want to test the
-   Mexican Accounting Locatization.
+   Here is a SAT certificate you can use if you want to use the *Test
+   Environment* for the Mexican Accounting Localization.
 
    - :ref:`Certificate:` |download_mexico_certificate_cer|
    - :ref:`Certificate Key:` |download_mexico_certificate_key|
    - Certificate password : 12345678a
 
-Process
-^^^^^^^
+Usage and testing
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Create a customer invoice and validate it. Now you can click on *Action*
-and *Update PAC status*. Your invoice status will be updated.
+Invoicing
+---------
 
-.. image:: media/mexico06.png
+To use the mexican invoicing you just need to do a normal invoice following
+the normal Odoo's behaviour.
+
+Once you validate your first invoice a correctly signed invoice should look
+like this:
+
+
+.. image:: media/mexico07.png
    :align: center
+
+You can generate the PDF just clicking on the Print button on he invoice or
+sending it by email following the normal process on odoo to send your invoice
+by email.
+
+.. image:: media/mexico08.png
+   :align: center
+
+Once you send the electronic invoice by email this is the way it should looks
+like.
+
+.. image:: media/mexico09.png
+   :align: center
+
+Cancelling invoices
+-------------------
+
+TODO
+
+Payments (Just available for CFDI 3.3)
+--------------------------------------
+
+To generate the payment complement you just must to follow the normal payment
+process in Odoo, this considerations to understand the behavior are important.
+
+1. All payment done in the same day of the invoice will be considered as It
+   will not be signed, because It is the expected behavior legally required
+   for "Cash payment".
+2. To test a regular signed payment just create an invoice for the day before
+   today and then pay it today.
+3. You must print the payment in order to retrieve the PDF properly.
+4. Regarding the "Payments in Advance" you must create a proper invoice with
+   the payment in advance itself as a product line setting the proper SAT code
+   following the procedure on the official documentation `given by the SAT`_
+   in the section **Apéndice 2 Procedimiento para la emisión de los CFDI en el
+   caso de anticipos recibidos**.
+5. Related to topic 4 it is blocked the possibility to create a Customer
+   Payment without a proper invoice.
+
+Accounting
+----------
+The accounting for Mexico in odoo is composed by 3 reports:
+
+1. Chart of Account (Called and shown as COA).
+2. Electronic Trial Balance.
+3. DIOT report.
+
+1 and 2 are considered as the electronic accounting, and the DIOT is a report
+only available on the context of the accounting.
+
+You can find all those reports in the original report menu on Accounting app.
+
+.. image:: media/mexico16.png
+   :align: center
+
+Electronic Accounting (Requires Accounting App)
+===============================================
+
+Electronic Chart of account CoA
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+The electronic accounting never has been easier, just go to
+:menuselection:`Accounting --> Reporting --> Mexico --> COA` and click on the
+ button **Export for SAT (XML)**
+
+.. image:: media/mexico19.png
+   :align: center
+
+**How to add new accounts?**
+
+If you add an account with the coding convention NNN.YY.ZZ where NNN.YY is a
+SAT coding group then your account will be automatically configured.
+
+Example to add an Account for a new Bank account go to
+:menuselection:`Accounting --> Settings --> Chart of Account` and then create
+a new account on the button "Create" and try to create an account with the
+number 102.01.99 once you change to set the name you will see a tag
+automatically set, the tags set are the one picked to be used in the COA on
+xml.
+
+.. image:: media/mexico20.png
+   :align: center
+
+**What is the meaning of the tag?**
+
+To know all possible tags you can read the `Anexo 24`_ in the SAT
+website on the section called **Código agrupador de cuentas del SAT**.
+
+.. tip::
+   When you install the module l10n_mx and yous Chart of Account rely on it
+   (this happen automatically when you install setting Mexico as country on
+   your database) then you will have the more common tags if the tag you need
+   is not created you can create one on the fly.
+
+Electronic Trial Balance
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
+
+Exactly as the COA but with Initial balance debit and credit, once you have
+your coa properly set you can go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Reports --> Mexico --> Trial Balance`
+this is automatically generated, and can be exported to XML using the button
+in the top  **Export for SAT (XML)** with the previous selection of the
+period you want to export.
+
+.. image:: media/mexico21.png
+   :align: center
+
+All the normal auditory and analysis features are available here also as any
+regular Odoo Report.
+
+DIOT Report (Requires Accounting App)
+=====================================
+
+TODO
+
+Extra Recommended features
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Contact Module (Free)
+---------------------
+
+If you want to administer properly your customers, suppliers and addresses
+this module even if it is not a technical need, it is highly recommended to
+install.
+
+Multi currency (Requires Accounting App)
+----------------------------------------
+
+In Mexico almost all companies send and receive payments in different
+currencies if you want to manage such capability you should enable the multi
+currency feature and you should enable the synchronization with **Banxico**,
+such feature allow you retrieve the proper exchange rate automatically
+retrieved from SAT and not being worried of put such information daily in the
+system manually.
+
+Go to settings and enable the multi currency feature.
+
+.. image:: media/mexico17.png
+   :align: center
+
+Enabling Explicit errors on the CFDI using the XSD local validator (CFDI 3.3)
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Frequently you want receive explicit errors from the fields incorrectly set
+on the xml, those errors are better informed to the user if the check is
+enable, to enable the Check with xsd feature follow the next steps (with
+debug mode enabled).
+
+- Go to :menuselection:`Settings --> Technical --> Actions --> Server Actions`
+- Look for the Action called "Download XSD files to CFDI"
+- Click on button "Create Contextual Action"
+- Go to the company form :menuselection:`Settings --> Users&Companies --> Companies`
+- Open any company you have.
+- Click on "Action" and then on "Dowload XSD file to CFDI".
+
+.. image:: media/mexico18.png
+   :align: center
+
+Now you can make an invoice with any error (for example a product without
+code which is pretty common) and an explicit error will be shown instead a
+generic one with no explanation.
+
+FAQ
+~~~
+
+1. Error message (Only applicable on CFDI 3.3):
+
+   (":9:0:ERROR:SCHEMASV:SCHEMAV_CVC_MINLENGTH_VALID: Element '{http://www.sat.gob.mx/cfd/3}Concepto', attribute 'NoIdentificacion': [facet 'minLength'] The value '' has a length of '0'; this underruns the allowed minimum length of '1'.
+
+   **Solution:** You forget to set the proper "Reference" field in the product,
+   please go to the product form and set your internal reference properly.
+
+.. _SAT: http://www.sat.gob.mx/fichas_tematicas/buzon_tributario/Documents/Anexo24_05012015.pdf
+.. _Finkok: https://facturacion.finkok.com/cuentas/registrar/
+.. _`Solución Factible`: https://solucionfactible.com/sf/v3/timbrado.jsp
+.. _`SAT resolution`: http://sat.gob.mx/informacion_fiscal/factura_electronica/Paginas/Anexo_20_version3.3.aspx
+.. _`given by the SAT`: http://sat.gob.mx/informacion_fiscal/factura_electronica/Documents/GuiaAnexo20DPA.pdf
+.. _`Anexo 24`: http://www.sat.gob.mx/fichas_tematicas/buzon_tributario/Documents/Anexo24_05012015.pdf