[IMP] accounting: withholding tax

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Withholding taxes
=================
A withholding tax, also called a retention tax, is a government
requirement for the payer of a customer invoice to withhold or deduct
tax from the payment, and pay that tax to the government. In most
jurisdictions, withholding tax applies to employment income.
With normal taxes, the tax is added to the subtotal to give you the
total to pay. As opposed to normal taxes, withholding taxes are deducted
from the amount to pay, as the tax will be paid by the customer.
As, an example, in Colombia you may have the following invoice:
.. image:: retention/retention03.png
:align: center
In this example, the **company** who sent the invoice owes $20 of taxes to
the **government** and the **customer** owes $10 of taxes to the **government**.
A **withholding tax**, also known as retention tax, mandates the payer of a customer invoice to
deduct a tax from the payment and remit it to the government. Typically, a tax is included in the
subtotal to calculate the total amount paid, while withholding taxes are directly subtracted from
the payment.
Configuration
=============
In Odoo, a withholding tax is defined by creating a negative tax. For a
retention of 10%, you would configure the following tax (accessible
through :menuselection:`Configuration --> Taxes`):
In Odoo, a withholding tax is defined by creating a negative tax. To create one, go
to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Configuration --> Taxes` and, in the :guilabel:`Amount` field,
enter a negative amount.
.. image:: retention/retention04.png
:align: center
.. image:: retention/negative-amount.png
:alt: negative tax amount in field
In order to make it appear as a retention on the invoice, you should set
a specific tax group **Retention** on your tax, in the **Advanced Options**
tab.
Then, go to the :menuselection:`Advanced Options` tab and create a retention :guilabel:`Tax Group`.
.. image:: retention/retention02.png
:align: center
Once the tax is defined, you can use it in your products, sales order or
invoices.
.. image:: retention/tax-group.png
:alt: tax group for retention tax.
.. tip::
If the retention is a percentage of a regular tax, create a Tax with a
**Tax Computation** as a **Tax Group** and set the two taxes in this group
(normal tax and retention).
If the retention is a percentage of a regular tax, create a :guilabel:`Tax` with a
:guilabel:`Tax Computation` as a :guilabel:`Group of Taxes`. Then, set both the regular tax and
the retention one in the :guilabel:`Definition` tab.
Applying retention taxes on invoices
====================================
Retention taxes on invoices
===========================
Once your tax is created, you can use it on customer forms, sales order
or customer invoices. You can apply several taxes on a single customer
invoice line.
Once the retention tax has been created, it can be used on customer forms, sales orders, and
customer invoices.
Several taxes can be applied on a single customer invoice line.
.. image:: retention/retention01.png
:align: center
.. note::
When you see the customer invoice on the screen, you get only a
**Taxes line** summarizing all the taxes (normal taxes & retentions).
But when you print or send the invoice, Odoo does the correct
grouping amongst all the taxes.
The printed invoice will show the different amounts in each tax group.
.. image:: retention/retention03.png
:align: center
.. image:: retention/invoice-tax.png
:alt: invoice lines with taxes
.. seealso::
* :doc:`../taxes`
:doc:`../taxes`

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