[IMP] Inventory valuation: update documentation

The documentation page has been cleaned to avoid repeating some information. 
Some information has also been changed to be up to date with new version.
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Laura Piraux 2020-01-07 14:31:06 +01:00 committed by GitHub
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@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ Standard Price
- +2*€10 - +2*€10
- €40 - €40
**Standard Price** means you estimate the cost price based In **Standard Price**, any product will be valued at the cost that you defined
on direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead manually on the product form. Usually, this cost is an estimation based
at the end of a specific period (usually once a year). You on the material and labor needed to obtain the product. This cost must
enter this cost price in the product form. be reviewed periodically.
Average Price Average Price
.. rst-class:: values-table .. rst-class:: values-table
@ -108,21 +108,12 @@ Average Price
- +2*€6 - +2*€6
- €36 - €36
The **Average Price** method recomputes the cost price as a receipt order In **AVCO (Average Cost)**, each product has the same value and this
has been processed, based on prices defined in tied purchase orders: value is the average purchase cost of the product. With this costing method, the
FORMULA (see here attached) cost of the product is recomputed as each receipt.
The average cost does not change when products leave the warehouse. The average cost does not change when products leave the warehouse.
From an accounting point of view, this method is mainly justified in
case of huge purchase price variations and is quite unusual due to its
operational complexity. Your actually need a software like Odoo to
easily keep this cost up-to-date.
This method is dedicated to advanced users. It requires well established
business processes because the order in which you process receipt orders
matters in the cost computation.
FIFO FIFO
.. rst-class:: values-table .. rst-class:: values-table
@ -163,51 +154,17 @@ FIFO
- +2*€6 - +2*€6
- €44 - €44
For **Real Price** (FIFO, LIFO, FEFO, etc), the costing is further In **FIFO (First In First Out)**, the products are valued at their
refined by the removal strategy set on the warehouse location purchase cost. When a product leaves the stock, thats the “First in,
or product's internal category. The default strategy is FIFO. With first out” rule that applies.
such method, your inventory value is computed from the real cost
of your stored products (cfr. Quantitative Valuation) and not from
the cost price shown in the product form. Whenever you ship items,
the cost price is reset to the cost of the last item(s) shipped.
This cost price is used to value any product not received from a
purchase order (e.g. inventory adjustments).
FIFO is advised if you manage all your workflow into Odoo (Sales, Pay attention, that this is a financial FIFO. The first value “in”
is the first value “out”, no matter the storage location, warehouse
or serial number.
FIFO is advised if you manage all your workflows into Odoo (Sales,
Purchases, Inventory). It suits any kind of users. Purchases, Inventory). It suits any kind of users.
Standard Price
--------------
In Standard Price, any product will be valued at a cost that you defined
manually on the product form. Usually, this cost is an estimation based
on the material and labor needed to obtain the product. This cost must
be reviewed periodically.
First In First Out (FIFO)
-------------------------
In FIFO, the products are valued at their purchase cost. When a product
leaves the stock, thats the “First in, first out” rule that applies.
Lets take an example: I first purchase a t-shirt for $10 and, later,
one for $20. The first t-shirt that will go out of my stock will be
valued at $10 and the next one at $20.
.. tip::
Pay attention, that this is a financial FIFO. This means that the
locations where the products are stored dont impact the valuation. The
first value “in” is the first value “out”, no matter the storage
location.
Average Cost (AVCO)
-------------------
In AVCO, each product has the same value and this value is the average
purchase cost of the product. Lets take an example: I first purchase a
t-shirt for $10 and, later, one for $20. Each t-shirt will be valued at
$15, the average weighted purchase cost. With this costing method, the
cost of the product is recomputed as each receipt.
Inventory Valuation: Manual or Automated Inventory Valuation: Manual or Automated
======================================== ========================================
@ -215,6 +172,18 @@ There are two ways to record your inventory valuation in your accounting
books. As the costing method, this is defined in your product category. books. As the costing method, this is defined in your product category.
Those two methods are detailed below. Those two methods are detailed below.
It is important to also note that the accounting entries will depend on
your accounting mode: it can be continental or anglo-saxon. In
continental accounting, the cost of a good is taken into account as soon
as the product is received in stock. In anglo-saxon accounting, the cost
of a good is only recorded as an expense when this good is invoiced to a
final customer. In the tables below, you can easily compare those two
accounting modes.
Usually, based on your country, the correct accounting mode will be
chosen by default. If you want to verify your accounting mode, activate
the developer mode and open your accounting settings.
Manual Inventory Valuation Manual Inventory Valuation
-------------------------- --------------------------
@ -223,29 +192,13 @@ on your accounting books. Periodically, you create a manual journal
entry representing the value of what you have in stock. To know that entry representing the value of what you have in stock. To know that
value, go in Inventory > Reporting > Inventory Valuation. value, go in Inventory > Reporting > Inventory Valuation.
+----------------------------------+---------+----------+
| | Debit | Credit |
+==================================+=========+==========+
| Assets: Inventory | X | |
+----------------------------------+---------+----------+
| Expenses: Inventory Variations | | X |
+----------------------------------+---------+----------+
.. tip::
If the stock value has decreased, the assets account will be credited.
Continental Accounting
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In a periodic inventory valuation, goods reception and
outgoing shipments have no direct impact in the accounting.
At the end of the month or year, the accountant posts one
journal entry representing the value of the physical inventory.
This is the default configuration in Odoo and it works This is the default configuration in Odoo and it works
out-of-the-box. Check following operations and find out how out-of-the-box. Check following operations and find out how
Odoo is managing the accounting postings. Odoo is managing the accounting postings.
Continental Accounting
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. rst-class:: alternatives doc-aside .. rst-class:: alternatives doc-aside
Vendor Bill Vendor Bill
@ -379,20 +332,6 @@ extra configuration & testing.
First, you need to define the accounts that will be used for those First, you need to define the accounts that will be used for those
accounting entries. This is done on the product category. accounting entries. This is done on the product category.
.. image:: media/inventory_valuation_config_02.png
:align: center
Note that the accounting entries that will be recorded will depend on
your accounting mode: it can be continental or anglo-saxon. In
continental accounting, the cost of a good is taken into account as soon
as the product is received in stock. In anglo-saxon accounting, the cost
of a good is only recorded as an expense when this good is invoiced to a
final customer.
Usually, based on your country, the correct accounting mode will be
chosen by default. If you want to verify your accounting mode, activate
the developer mode and open your accounting settings.
Continental Accounting Continental Accounting
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~