[IMP] Inventory valuation: update documentation
The documentation page has been cleaned to avoid repeating some information. Some information has also been changed to be up to date with new version.
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@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ Standard Price
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- +2*€10
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- €40
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**Standard Price** means you estimate the cost price based
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on direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead
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at the end of a specific period (usually once a year). You
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enter this cost price in the product form.
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In **Standard Price**, any product will be valued at the cost that you defined
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manually on the product form. Usually, this cost is an estimation based
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on the material and labor needed to obtain the product. This cost must
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be reviewed periodically.
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Average Price
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.. rst-class:: values-table
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@ -108,21 +108,12 @@ Average Price
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- +2*€6
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- €36
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The **Average Price** method recomputes the cost price as a receipt order
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has been processed, based on prices defined in tied purchase orders:
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FORMULA (see here attached)
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In **AVCO (Average Cost)**, each product has the same value and this
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value is the average purchase cost of the product. With this costing method, the
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cost of the product is recomputed as each receipt.
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The average cost does not change when products leave the warehouse.
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From an accounting point of view, this method is mainly justified in
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case of huge purchase price variations and is quite unusual due to its
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operational complexity. Your actually need a software like Odoo to
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easily keep this cost up-to-date.
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This method is dedicated to advanced users. It requires well established
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business processes because the order in which you process receipt orders
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matters in the cost computation.
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FIFO
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.. rst-class:: values-table
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@ -163,51 +154,17 @@ FIFO
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- +2*€6
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- €44
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For **Real Price** (FIFO, LIFO, FEFO, etc), the costing is further
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refined by the removal strategy set on the warehouse location
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or product's internal category. The default strategy is FIFO. With
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such method, your inventory value is computed from the real cost
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of your stored products (cfr. Quantitative Valuation) and not from
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the cost price shown in the product form. Whenever you ship items,
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the cost price is reset to the cost of the last item(s) shipped.
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This cost price is used to value any product not received from a
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purchase order (e.g. inventory adjustments).
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In **FIFO (First In First Out)**, the products are valued at their
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purchase cost. When a product leaves the stock, that’s the “First in,
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first out” rule that applies.
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FIFO is advised if you manage all your workflow into Odoo (Sales,
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Pay attention, that this is a financial FIFO. The first value “in”
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is the first value “out”, no matter the storage location, warehouse
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or serial number.
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FIFO is advised if you manage all your workflows into Odoo (Sales,
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Purchases, Inventory). It suits any kind of users.
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Standard Price
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--------------
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In Standard Price, any product will be valued at a cost that you defined
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manually on the product form. Usually, this cost is an estimation based
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on the material and labor needed to obtain the product. This cost must
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be reviewed periodically.
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First In First Out (FIFO)
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-------------------------
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In FIFO, the products are valued at their purchase cost. When a product
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leaves the stock, that’s the “First in, first out” rule that applies.
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Let’s take an example: I first purchase a t-shirt for $10 and, later,
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one for $20. The first t-shirt that will go out of my stock will be
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valued at $10 and the next one at $20.
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.. tip::
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Pay attention, that this is a financial FIFO. This means that the
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locations where the products are stored don’t impact the valuation. The
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first value “in” is the first value “out”, no matter the storage
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location.
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Average Cost (AVCO)
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-------------------
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In AVCO, each product has the same value and this value is the average
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purchase cost of the product. Let’s take an example: I first purchase a
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t-shirt for $10 and, later, one for $20. Each t-shirt will be valued at
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$15, the average weighted purchase cost. With this costing method, the
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cost of the product is recomputed as each receipt.
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Inventory Valuation: Manual or Automated
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========================================
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@ -215,6 +172,18 @@ There are two ways to record your inventory valuation in your accounting
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books. As the costing method, this is defined in your product category.
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Those two methods are detailed below.
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It is important to also note that the accounting entries will depend on
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your accounting mode: it can be continental or anglo-saxon. In
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continental accounting, the cost of a good is taken into account as soon
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as the product is received in stock. In anglo-saxon accounting, the cost
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of a good is only recorded as an expense when this good is invoiced to a
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final customer. In the tables below, you can easily compare those two
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accounting modes.
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Usually, based on your country, the correct accounting mode will be
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chosen by default. If you want to verify your accounting mode, activate
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the developer mode and open your accounting settings.
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Manual Inventory Valuation
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--------------------------
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@ -223,29 +192,13 @@ on your accounting books. Periodically, you create a manual journal
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entry representing the value of what you have in stock. To know that
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value, go in Inventory > Reporting > Inventory Valuation.
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+----------------------------------+---------+----------+
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| | Debit | Credit |
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+==================================+=========+==========+
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| Assets: Inventory | X | |
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+----------------------------------+---------+----------+
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| Expenses: Inventory Variations | | X |
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+----------------------------------+---------+----------+
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.. tip::
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If the stock value has decreased, the assets account will be credited.
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Continental Accounting
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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In a periodic inventory valuation, goods reception and
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outgoing shipments have no direct impact in the accounting.
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At the end of the month or year, the accountant posts one
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journal entry representing the value of the physical inventory.
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This is the default configuration in Odoo and it works
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out-of-the-box. Check following operations and find out how
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Odoo is managing the accounting postings.
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Continental Accounting
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. rst-class:: alternatives doc-aside
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Vendor Bill
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@ -379,20 +332,6 @@ extra configuration & testing.
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First, you need to define the accounts that will be used for those
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accounting entries. This is done on the product category.
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.. image:: media/inventory_valuation_config_02.png
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:align: center
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Note that the accounting entries that will be recorded will depend on
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your accounting mode: it can be continental or anglo-saxon. In
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continental accounting, the cost of a good is taken into account as soon
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as the product is received in stock. In anglo-saxon accounting, the cost
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of a good is only recorded as an expense when this good is invoiced to a
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final customer.
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Usually, based on your country, the correct accounting mode will be
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chosen by default. If you want to verify your accounting mode, activate
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the developer mode and open your accounting settings.
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Continental Accounting
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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