diff --git a/accounting/others/adviser.rst b/accounting/others/adviser.rst index 2f1bf7f30..0ae2990c2 100644 --- a/accounting/others/adviser.rst +++ b/accounting/others/adviser.rst @@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ Adviser .. toctree:: :titlesonly: - adviser/assets adviser/fiscalyear adviser/budget adviser/reverse_entry diff --git a/accounting/others/adviser/assets.rst b/accounting/others/adviser/assets.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 2100e6465..000000000 --- a/accounting/others/adviser/assets.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,142 +0,0 @@ -======================== -Manage your fixed assets -======================== - -The "Assets" module allows you to keep track of your fixed assets like -machinery, land and building. The module allows you to generate monthly -depreciation entries automatically, get depreciation board, sell or -dispose assets and perform reports on your company assets. - -As an example, you may buy a car for $36,000 (gross value) and you plan -to amortize it over 36 months (3 years). Every months (periodicity), -Odoo will create a depreciation entry automatically reducing your assets -value by $1,000 and passing $1,000 as an expense. After 3 years, this -assets accounts for $0 (salvage value) in your balance sheet. - -The different types of assets are grouped into "Assets Types" that -describe how to deprecate an asset. Here are two examples of assets -types: - -- Building: 10 years, yearly linear depreciation -- Car: 5 years, monthly linear depreciation - -Configuration -============= - -Install the Asset module ------------------------- - -Start by *installing the Asset module.* - -Once the module is installed, you should see two new menus in the -accounting application: - -- :menuselection:`Adviser --> Assets` -- :menuselection:`Configuration --> Asset Types` - -Before registering your first asset, you must :ref:`define your Asset -Types `. - -.. _accounting/adviser/assets_management/defining: - -Defining Asset Types --------------------- - -Asset type are used to configure all information about an assets: asset -and deprecation accounts, amortization method, etc. That way, advisers -can configure asset types and users can further record assets without -having to provide any complex accounting information. They just need to -provide an asset type on the supplier bill. - -You should create asset types for every group of assets you frequently -buy like "Cars: 5 years", "Computer Hardware: 3 years". For all other -assets, you can create generic asset types. Name them according to the -duration of the asset like "36 Months", "10 Years", ... - -To define asset types, go to :menuselection:`Configuration --> Asset -Types` - -.. image:: media/image01.png - :align: center - -Create assets manually -====================== - -To register an asset manually, go to the menu :menuselection:`Adviser ---> Assets`. - -.. image:: media/image08.png - :align: center - -Once your asset is created, don't forget to Confirm it. You can also -click on the Compute Depreciation button to check the depreciation board -before confirming the asset. - -.. tip:: - - if you create asset manually, you still need to create the supplier - bill for this asset. The asset document will only produce the - depreciation journal entries, not those related to the supplier - bill. - - -Create assets automatically from a supplier bill -================================================ - -Assets can be automatically created from supplier bills. All you need to -do is to set an asset category on your bill line. When the user will -validate the bill, an asset will be automatically created, using the -information of the supplier bill. - -.. image:: media/image09.png - -Depending on the information on the asset category, the asset will be -created in draft or directly validated\ *.* It's easier to confirm -assets directly so that you won't forget to confirm it afterwards. -(check the field *Skip Draft State* on *Asset Category)* Generate assets -in draft only when you want your adviser to control all the assets -before posting them to your accounts. - -.. tip:: if you put the asset on the product, the asset category will - automatically be filled in the supplier bill. - -How to depreciate an asset? -=========================== - -Odoo will create depreciation journal entries automatically at the right -date for every confirmed asset. (not the draft ones). You can control in -the depreciation board: a green bullet point means that the journal -entry has been created for this line. - -But you can also post journal entries before the expected date by -clicking on the green bullet and forcing the creation of related -depreciation entry. - -.. image:: media/image11.png - :align: center - -.. note:: In the Depreciation board, click on the red bullet to post - the journal entry. Click on the :guilabel:`Items` button on - the top to see the journal entries which are already posted. - -How to modify an existing asset? -================================ - -- Click on :guilabel:`Modify Depreciation` -- Change the number of depreciation - -Odoo will automatically recompute a new depreciation board. - -How to record the sale or disposal of an asset? -=============================================== - -If you sell or dispose an asset, you need to deprecate completly this -asset. Click on the button :guilabel:`Sell or Dispose`. This action -will post the full costs of this assets but it will not record the -sales transaction that should be registered through a customer -invoice. - -.. todo:: → This has to be changed in Odoo: selling an asset should: - - #. remove all "Red" lines - #. create a new line that deprecate the whole residual value diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills.rst b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills.rst index f11eaea4c..ee12248a8 100644 --- a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills.rst +++ b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills.rst @@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ Vendor Bills supplier_bills/manage supplier_bills/bills_or_receipts supplier_bills/deferred_expenses + supplier_bills/assets diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/assets.rst b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/assets.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c48f6f03 --- /dev/null +++ b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/assets.rst @@ -0,0 +1,254 @@ +=================================== +Non-current Assets and Fixed Assets +=================================== + +**Non-current Assets**, also known as **long-term assets**, are investments that are expected to be +realized after one year. They are capitalized rather than being expensed and appear on the company's +balance sheet. Depending on their nature, they may undergo **depreciation**. + +**Fixed Assets** are a type of Non-current Assets and include the properties bought for their +productive aspects, such as buildings, vehicles, equipment, land, and software. + +For example, let's say we buy a car for $ 27,000. We plan to amortize it over five years, and we +will sell it for $ 7,000 afterward. Using the linear, or straight-line, depreciation method, +$ 4,000 are expensed each year as **depreciation expenses**. After five years, the **Accumulated +Depreciation** amount reported on the balance sheet equals $ 20,000, leaving us with $ 7,000 of +**Not Depreciable Value**, or Salvage value. + +Odoo Accounting handles depreciation by creating all depreciation entries automatically in *draft +mode*. They are then posted periodically. + +Odoo supports the following **Depreciation Methods**: + +- Linear +- Degressive +- Accelerated Degressive + +.. note:: + The server checks once a day if an entry must be posted. It might then take up to 24 hours before + you see a change from *draft* to *posted*. + +Prerequisites +============= + +Such transactions must be posted on an **Assets Account** rather than on the default +expense account. + +Configure an Assets Account +--------------------------- + +To configure your account in the **Chart of Accounts**, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> +Configuration --> Chart of Accounts`, click on *Create*, and fill out the form. + +.. image:: media/assets01.png + :align: center + :alt: Configuration of an Assets Account in Odoo Accounting + +.. note:: + This account's type must be either *Fixed Assets* or *Non-current Assets*. + +Post an expense to the right account +------------------------------------ + +Select the account on a draft bill +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +On a draft bill, select the right account for all the assets you are buying. + +.. image:: media/assets02.png + :align: center + :alt: Selection of an Assets Account on a draft bill in Odoo Accounting + +.. _product-assets-account: + +Choose a different Expense Account for specific products +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Start editing the product, go to the *Accounting* tab, select the right **Expense Account**, and +save. + +.. image:: media/assets03.png + :align: center + :alt: Change of the Assets Account for a product in Odoo + +.. tip:: + It is possible to :ref:`automate the creation of assets entries ` for these + products. + +.. _journal-assets-account: + +Change the account of a posted journal item +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +To do so, open your Purchases Journal by going to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Accounting --> +Purchases`, select the journal item you want to modify, click on the account, and select the right +one. + +.. image:: media/assets04.png + :align: center + :alt: Modification of a posted journal item's account in Odoo Accounting + +Assets entries +============== + +.. _create-assets-entry: + +Create a new entry +------------------ + +An **Asset entry** automatically generates all journal entries in *draft mode*. They are then posted +one by one at the right time. + +To create a new entry, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Accounting --> Assets`, click on +*Create*, and fill out the form. + +Click on **select related purchases** to link an existing journal item to this new entry. Some +fields are then automatically filled out, and the journal item is now listed under the **Related +Purchase** tab. + +.. image:: media/assets05.png + :align: center + :alt: Assets entry in Odoo Accounting + +Once done, you can click on *Compute Depreciation* (next to the *Confirm* button) to generate all +the values of the **Depreciation Board**. This board shows you all the entries that Odoo will post +to depreciate your asset, and at which date. + +.. image:: media/assets06.png + :align: center + :alt: Depreciation Board in Odoo Accounting + +What does "Prorata Temporis" mean? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The **Prorata Temporis** feature is useful to depreciate your assets the most accurately possible. + +With this feature, the first entry on the Depreciation Board is computed based on the time left +between the *Prorata Date* and the *First Depreciation Date* rather than the default amount of time +between depreciations. + +For example, the Depreciation Board above has its first depreciation with an amount of $ 241.10 +rather than $ 4,000.00. Consequently, the last entry is also lower and has an amount of $ 3758.90. + +What are the different Depreciation Methods +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +The **Linear Depreciation Method** divides the initial Depreciable Value by the number of +depreciations planned. All depreciation entries have the same amount. + +The **Degressive Depreciation Method** multiplies the Depreciable Value by the **Degressive Factor** +for each entry. Each depreciation entry has a lower amount than the previous entry. + +The **Accelerated Degressive Depreciation Method** uses the Degressive Method, but with a minimum +Depreciation equal to the Linear Method. This method ensures a fast depreciation at the beginning, +followed by a constant one afterward. + +Assets from the Purchases Journal +--------------------------------- + +You can create an asset entry from a specific journal item in your **Purchases Journal**. + +To do so, open your Purchases Journal by going to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Accounting --> +Purchases`, and select the journal item you want to record as an asset. Make sure that it is posted +in the right account (see: :ref:`journal-assets-account`). + +Then, click on *Action*, select **Create Asset**, and fill out the form the same way you would do to +:ref:`create a new entry `. + +.. image:: media/assets07.png + :align: center + :alt: Create Asset Entry from a journal item in Odoo Accounting + +Modification of an Asset +======================== + +You can modify the values of an asset to increase or decrease its value. + +To do so, open the asset you want to modify, and click on *Modify Depreciation*. Then, fill out the +form with the new depreciation values and click on *Modify*. + +A **decrease in value** posts a new Journal Entry for the **Value Decrease** and modifies all the +future *unposted* Journal Entries listed in the Depreciation Board. + +An **increase in value** requires you to fill out additional fields related to the account movements +and creates a new Asset entry with the **Value Increase**. The Gross Increase Asset Entry can be +accessed with a Smart Button. + +.. image:: media/assets08.png + :align: center + :alt: Gross Increase smart button in Odoo Accounting + +Disposal of Fixed Assets +======================== + +To **sell** an asset or **dispose** of it implies that it must be removed from the Balance Sheet. + +To do so, open the asset you want to dispose of, click on *Sell or Dispose*, and fill out the form. + +.. image:: media/assets09.png + :align: center + :alt: Disposal of Assets in Odoo Accounting + +Odoo Accounting then generates all the journal entries necessary to dispose of the asset, including +the gain or loss on sale, which is based on the difference between the asset's book value at the +time of the sale and the amount it is sold for. + +.. note:: + To record the sale of an asset, you must first post the related Customer Invoice so you can link + the sale of the asset with it. + +Assets Models +============= + +You can create **Assets Models** to create your Asset entries faster. It is particularly useful if +you recurrently buy the same kind of assets. + +To create a model, go to :menuselection:`Accounting → Configuration --> Assets Models`, click on +*Create*, and fill out the form the same way you would do to create a new entry. + +.. tip:: + You can also convert a *confirmed Asset entry* into a model by opening it from + :menuselection:`Accounting --> Accounting --> Assets` and then, by clicking on the button *Save + Model*. + +Apply an Asset Model to a new entry +----------------------------------- + +When you create a new Asset entry, fill out the **Fixed Asset Account** with the right asset +account. + +New buttons with all the models linked to that account appear at the top of the form. Clicking on a +model button fills out the form according to that model. + +.. image:: media/assets10.png + :align: center + :alt: Assets model button in Odoo Accounting + +.. _assets-automation: + +Automate the Assets +=================== + +When you create or edit an account of which the type is either *Non-current Assets* or *Fixed +Assets*, you can configure it to create assets for the expenses that are credited on it +automatically. + +You have three choices for the **Automate Assets** field: + +#. **No:** this is the default value. Nothing happens. +#. **Create in draft:** whenever a transaction is posted on the account, a draft *Assets entry* is + created, but not validated. You must first fill out the form in :menuselection:`Accounting --> + Accounting --> Assets`. +#. **Create and validate:** you must also select an Asset Model (see: `Assets Models`_). Whenever a + transaction is posted on the account, an *Assets entry* is created and immediately validated. + +.. image:: media/assets11.png + :align: center + :alt: Automate Assets on an account in Odoo Accounting + +.. tip:: + You can, for example, select this account as the default **Expense Account** of a product to + fully automate its purchase. (see: :ref:`product-assets-account`). + +.. seealso:: + * :doc:`../../others/configuration/account_type` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets01.png b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets01.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4d03db3b5 Binary files /dev/null and b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets01.png differ diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets02.png b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets02.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db35d459a Binary files /dev/null and b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets02.png differ diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets03.png b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets03.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac502f19f Binary files /dev/null and b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets03.png differ diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets04.png b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets04.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4884c45c0 Binary files /dev/null and b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets04.png differ diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets05.png b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets05.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d69a7b866 Binary files /dev/null and b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets05.png differ diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets06.png b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets06.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12261b961 Binary files /dev/null and b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets06.png differ diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets07.png b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets07.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17e2d8da9 Binary files /dev/null and b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets07.png differ diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets08.png b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets08.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6af72771c Binary files /dev/null and b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets08.png differ diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets09.png b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets09.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..64b8ff825 Binary files /dev/null and b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets09.png differ diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets10.png b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets10.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63c87c418 Binary files /dev/null and b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets10.png differ diff --git a/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets11.png b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets11.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3420c953f Binary files /dev/null and b/accounting/payables/supplier_bills/media/assets11.png differ