5f6dfc7880
taskid-3499195 closes odoo/documentation#7386 Signed-off-by: Audrey Vandromme (auva) <auva@odoo.com>
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8.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
180 lines
8.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
================================
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Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
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================================
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Search Engine Optimization, often abbreviated as SEO, is a digital marketing strategy to improve a
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website's visibility and ranking in search engine results (e.g., in Google). It involves optimizing
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various elements on your website, including its content, social sharing, URLs, images, and page
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speed.
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.. note::
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- Odoo provides several modules to help you build your website content, such as
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:doc:`eCommerce <../../ecommerce>`, :doc:`Blog <../../blog>`, :doc:`eLearning
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<../../elearning>`, and :doc:`Forum <../../forum>`.
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- All Odoo themes rely on the CSS Framework `Bootstrap <https://getbootstrap.com/>`_ to render
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efficiently according to the device: desktop, tablet, or mobile, which positively impacts
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ranking in search engines.
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Content optimization
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====================
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To optimize a webpage's SEO, access the page, then go to :menuselection:`Website --> Site -->
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Optimize SEO`.
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.. image:: seo/optimize-seo.png
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:alt: Optimize SEO
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Meta tags
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---------
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Meta tags are HTML elements that provide information about a webpage to search engines and website
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visitors. They play a crucial role in SEO by helping search engines understand the content and
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context of a webpage and attract visitors with appealing content. There are two types of meta tags
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in Odoo:
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- :guilabel:`Title` tags specify a webpage's title and are displayed as a clickable link in search
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engine results. They should be concise, descriptive, and relevant to the page's content. You can
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update the title tag of your webpage or keep it empty to use the default value based on the page’s
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content.
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- :guilabel:`Description` tags summarize the webpage's content, often displayed in search engine
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results below the title. They are used to encourage the user to visit the page. You can update
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the description tag of your webpage or keep it empty to use the default value based on the page’s
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content.
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.. note::
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The :guilabel:`Preview` card displays how the title and description tags should appear in search
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results. It also includes the URL of your page.
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Keywords
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--------
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Keywords are one of the main elements of SEO. A website that is well optimized for search engines
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speaks the same language as potential visitors, with keywords for SEO helping them to connect to
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your site.
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You can enter the keywords you consider essential in the :guilabel:`Keyword` field and click
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:guilabel:`ADD` to see how they are used at different levels in your content (H1, H2, page title,
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page description, page content) and the related searches in Google. The tool also suggests relevant
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keywords to drive your web traffic. The more keywords are present on your webpage, the better.
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.. tip::
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It is strongly recommended to only use one H1 title per page for SEO.
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Image for social share
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----------------------
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When you share your page on social media, your logo image is selected, but you can upload any other
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image by clicking the upward arrow.
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.. Note::
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- The :guilabel:`Social Preview` card displays how the page's information would appear when
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shared.
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- If you change the title of a blog post or the name of a product, the changes apply
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automatically everywhere on your website. The old link still functions when external websites
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use a :ref:`301 redirect <website/URL-redirection>`, maintaining the SEO link juice.
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Images
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======
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The size of images has a significant impact on page speed, which is an essential criterion for
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search engines to optimize SEO ranking.
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.. tip::
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Compare how your website ranks using `Google Page Speed <https://pagespeed.web.dev/?utm_source=psi&utm_medium=redirect>`_
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or `Pingdom Website Speed Test <https://tools.pingdom.com/>`_.
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Odoo automatically compresses uploaded images to reduce their weight and improve the page loading
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speed. All images used in Odoo official themes are also compressed by default. If you are using a
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third-party theme, it may provide images that are not compressed efficiently.
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**To modify an image** from your website, select the image, click :guilabel:`Edit`, then go to the
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:guilabel:`Customize` tab, and adapt the :guilabel:`width` in the :guilabel:`Image` section.
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.. image:: seo/image-width.png
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:alt: automated image compression
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.. important::
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Alt tags are used to provide context to what an image is displaying, informing search engine
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crawlers and allowing them to index an image correctly. Adding alt tags keywords in the
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:guilabel:`Description` field is essential from an SEO perspective. This description is added to
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the HTML code of your image, and it is shown when the image cannot be displayed.
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Advanced features
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=================
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Structured data markup
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----------------------
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Structured data markup is used to generate rich snippets in search engine results. It is a way for
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websites to send structured data to search engine robots, helping them understand your content and
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create well-presented search results.
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By default, Google supports many `rich snippets <https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2009/05/introducing-rich-snippets>`_
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for content types, including Reviews, People, Products, Businesses, Events, and Organizations.
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Microdata is a set of tags, introduced with HTML5, that help search engines better understand your
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content and display it in a relevant way. Odoo implements microdata as defined in the schema.org
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`specification <https://schema.org/docs/gs.html>`_ for events, eCommerce products, forum posts, and
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contact addresses. This allows your product pages to be displayed in Google using extra information
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like the price and rating of a product:
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.. image:: seo/data-markup.png
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:alt: snippets in search engine results
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robots.txt
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----------
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A robots.txt file tells search engine crawlers which URLs the crawler can access on your site, to
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index its content. This is used mainly to avoid overloading your site with requests.
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When indexing your website, search engines take a first look at the robots.txt file. Odoo
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automatically creates one robot.txt file available on `mydatabase.odoo.com/robots.txt`.
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By editing a robots.txt file, you can control which site pages are accessible to search engine
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crawlers. To add custom instructions to the file, go to :menuselection:`Website --> Configuration
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--> Settings`, scroll down to the :guilabel:`SEO` section, and click :guilabel:`Edit robots.txt`.
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.. example::
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If you do not want the robots to crawl the `/about-us` page of your site, you can edit the
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robots.txt file to add `Disallow: /about-us`.
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Sitemap
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-------
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The sitemap points out website pages and their relation to each other to search engine robots. Odoo
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generates a `/sitemap.xml` file, including all URLs. For performance reasons, this file is cached
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and updated every 12 hours.
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.. note::
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If your website has a lot of pages, Odoo automatically creates a Sitemap Index file, respecting
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the `sitemaps.org protocol <http://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.html>`_, grouping sitemap URLs in
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45000 chunks per file.
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Every sitemap entry has three attributes that are computed automatically:
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- `<loc>`: the URL of a page.
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- `<lastmod>`: last modification date of the resource, computed automatically based on the related
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object. For a page related to a product, this could be the last modification date of the product
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or the page.
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- `<priority>`: modules may implement their priority algorithm based on their content (for example,
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a forum might assign a priority based on the number of votes on a specific post). The priority of
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a static page is defined by its priority field, which is normalized (16 is the default).
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.. tip::
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To prevent pages from appearing in a sitemap, go to :menuselection:`Site --> Properties`, click
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the :guilabel:`Publish` tab, and turn off the :guilabel:`Indexed` feature.
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.. image:: seo/page-properties.png
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:alt: disabling the “Indexed” checkbox
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Hreflang HTML tags
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------------------
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Odoo automatically includes `hreflang` and `x-default` tags in the code of your website's
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multilingual pages. These HTML attributes are crucial in informing search engines about a specific
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page's language and geographical targeting.
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.. seealso::
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:doc:`../configuration/translate`
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