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140 lines
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ReStructuredText
.. _howto/rdtraining/10_actions:
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==================================
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Chapter 10: Ready For Some Action?
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==================================
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So far we have mostly built our module by declaring fields and views. We just introduced business
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logic in the :ref:`previous chapter <howto/rdtraining/09_compute_onchange>` thanks to computed fields
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and onchanges. In any real business scenario, we would want to link some business logic to action buttons.
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In our real estate example, we would like to be able to:
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- cancel or set a property as sold
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- accept or refuse an offer
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One could argue that we can already do these things by changing the state manually, but
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this is not really convenient. Moreover, we want to add some extra processing: when an offer is
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accepted we want to set the selling price and the buyer for the property.
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Action Type
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===========
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**Reference**: the documentation related to this topic can be found in
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:ref:`reference/actions` and :ref:`reference/exceptions`.
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.. note::
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**Goal**: at the end of this section:
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- You should be able to cancel or set a property as sold:
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.. image:: 10_actions/property.gif
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:align: center
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:alt: Cancel and set to sold
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A canceled property cannot be sold and a sold property cannot be canceled. For the sake of
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clarity, the ``state`` field has been added on the view.
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- You should be able to accept or refuse an offer:
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.. image:: 10_actions/offer_01.gif
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:align: center
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:alt: Accept or refuse an offer
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- Once an offer is accepted, the selling price and the buyer should be set:
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.. image:: 10_actions/offer_02.gif
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:align: center
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:alt: Accept an offer
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In our real estate module, we want to link business logic with some buttons. The most common way to
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do this is to:
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- Add a button in the view, for example in the ``header`` of the view:
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.. code-block:: xml
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<form>
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<header>
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<button name="action_do_something" type="object" string="Do Something"/>
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</header>
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<sheet>
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<field name="name"/>
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</sheet>
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</form>
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- and link this button to business logic:
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.. code-block:: python
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from odoo import fields, models
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class TestAction(models.Model):
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_name = "test.action"
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name = fields.Char()
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def action_do_something(self):
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for record in self:
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record.name = "Something"
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return True
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By assigning ``type="object"`` to our button, the Odoo framework will execute a Python method
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with ``name="action_do_something"`` on the given model.
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The first important detail to note is that our method name isn't prefixed with an underscore
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(``_``). This makes our method a **public** method, which can be called directly from the Odoo
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interface (through an RPC call). Until now, all methods we created (compute, onchange) were called
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internally, so we used **private** methods prefixed by an underscore. You should always define your
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methods as private unless they need to be called from the user interface.
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Also note that we loop on ``self``. Always assume that a method can be called on multiple records; it's
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better for reusability.
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Finally, a public method should always return something so that it can be called through XML-RPC.
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When in doubt, just ``return True``.
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There are hundreds of examples in the Odoo source code. One example is this
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`button in a view <https://github.com/odoo/odoo/blob/cd9af815ba591935cda367d33a1d090f248dd18d/addons/crm/views/crm_lead_views.xml#L9-L11>`__
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and its
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`corresponding Python method <https://github.com/odoo/odoo/blob/cd9af815ba591935cda367d33a1d090f248dd18d/addons/crm/models/crm_lead.py#L746-L760>`__
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.. exercise:: Cancel and set a property as sold.
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- Add the buttons 'Cancel' and 'Sold' to the ``estate.property`` model. A canceled property
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cannot be set as sold, and a sold property cannot be canceled.
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Refer to the first image of the **Goal** for the expected result.
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Tip: in order to raise an error, you can use the :ref:`UserError<reference/exceptions>`
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function. There are plenty of examples in the Odoo source code ;-)
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- Add the buttons 'Accept' and 'Refuse' to the ``estate.property.offer`` model.
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Refer to the second image of the **Goal** for the expected result.
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Tip: to use an icon as a button, have a look
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`at this example <https://github.com/odoo/odoo/blob/cd9af815ba591935cda367d33a1d090f248dd18d/addons/event/views/event_views.xml#L521>`__.
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- When an offer is accepted, set the buyer and the selling price for the corresponding property.
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Refer to the third image of the **Goal** for the expected result.
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Pay attention: in real life only one offer can be accepted for a given property!
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Object Type
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===========
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In :ref:`howto/rdtraining/06_firstui`, we created an action that was linked to a menu.
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You may be wondering if it is possible to link an action to a button. Good news, it is! One
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way to do it is:
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.. code-block:: xml
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<button type="action" name="%(test.test_model_action)d" string="My Action"/>
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We use ``type="action"`` and we refer to the :term:`external identifier` in the ``name``.
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In the :ref:`next chapter <howto/rdtraining/11_constraints>` we'll see how we can prevent encoding
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incorrect data in Odoo.
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