9cb00bdb01
This commit improves the official documentation to support the strategy to focus on the new DIAN electronic invoicing module on V18 (leaving notes and references for clients still using Carvajal in this version) closes odoo/documentation#11315 Signed-off-by: Audrey Vandromme (auva) <auva@odoo.com>
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========
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Colombia
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========
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.. |DIAN| replace:: :abbr:`DIAN (Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales)`
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.. |NIT| replace:: :abbr:`NIT (El Número de Identificación Tributaria)`
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Odoo's Colombian localization package provides accounting, fiscal, and legal features for databases
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in Colombia - such as chart of accounts, taxes, and electronic invoicing. The localization has the
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following `prerequisites
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<https://micrositios.dian.gov.co/sistema-de-facturacion-electronica/que-requieres-para-factura-electronicamente/>`_
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when using the `DIAN Own Software
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<https://micrositios.dian.gov.co/sistema-de-facturacion-electronica/como-puedes-facturar-electronicamente/>`_
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solution with Odoo:
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- Be registered in the `RUT
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<https://www.dian.gov.co/tramitesservicios/tramites-y-servicios/tributarios/Paginas/RUT.aspx>`_
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(Registro Único Tributario) with a valid |NIT|.
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- Have a valid digital signature certificate `approved by the ONAC
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<https://onac.org.co/directorio-de-acreditados/>`_.
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- `Register and get enabled
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<https://micrositios.dian.gov.co/sistema-de-facturacion-electronica/proceso-de-registro-y-habilitacion-como-facturador-electronico/>`_
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by completing the certification process required by the |DIAN|.
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.. seealso::
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- For more information on how to complete the certification process for the |DIAN| module, review
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the following `webinar <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0G6iDc7NQA>`_.
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- `Smart Tutorial - Colombian Localization
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<https://www.odoo.com/slides/smart-tutorial-localizacion-de-colombia-132>`_.
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.. _localization/colombia/configuration:
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Configuration
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=============
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.. _localization/colombia/modules:
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Modules installation
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--------------------
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:ref:`Install <general/install>` the following modules to get all the features of the Colombian
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localization:
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.. list-table::
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:header-rows: 1
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:widths: 25 25 50
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* - Name
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- Technical name
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- Description
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* - :guilabel:`Colombia - Accounting`
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- `l10n_co`
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- Default :ref:`fiscal localization package <fiscal_localizations/packages>`. This module adds
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the base accounting features for the Colombian localization: chart of accounts, taxes,
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withholdings, and identification document type.
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* - :guilabel:`Electronic invoicing for Colombia with DIAN`
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- `l10n_co_dian`
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- This module includes the features required for integration with the |DIAN| as its own
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software, and adds the ability to generate electronic invoices and support documents based on
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|DIAN| regulations.
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* - :guilabel:`Colombian - Accounting Reports`
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- `l10n_co_reports`
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- This module includes accounting reports for sending certifications to suppliers for
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withholdings applied.
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* - :guilabel:`Electronic invoicing for Colombia with Carvajal`
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- `l10n_co_edi`
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- This module includes the features required for integration with Carvajal. Adds the ability to
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generate the electronic invoices and support documents, based on |DIAN| regulations.
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* - :guilabel:`Colombian - Point of Sale`
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- `l10n_co_pos`
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- This module includes **Point of Sale** receipts for Colombian localization.
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.. _localization/colombia/configuration/company:
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Company information
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-------------------
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To configure your company information:
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#. Access your company's contact form:
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- Go to the :guilabel:`Contacts` app and search for your company or;
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- Go to the :guilabel:`Settings` app, activate the :ref:`developer mode <developer-mode>`, and in
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the :guilabel:`Companies` section, click :guilabel:`Update Info`. Then, in the
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:guilabel:`Contact` field, click on the company name.
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#. Configure the following information:
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- :guilabel:`Company Name`.
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- :guilabel:`Address`: Including :guilabel:`City`, :guilabel:`Department`, and :guilabel:`ZIP`
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code.
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- :guilabel:`Identification Number`: Select the :guilabel:`Identification Type` (:guilabel:`NIT`,
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:guilabel:`Cédula de Ciudadanía`, :guilabel:`Registro Civil`, etc.). When the
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:guilabel:`Identification Type` is :guilabel:`NIT`, the
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:guilabel:`Identification Number` **must** have the *verification digit* at the end of the ID
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prefixed by a hyphen (`-`).
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#. Go to the :guilabel:`Sales & Purchase` tab and configure the :guilabel:`Fiscal Information`:
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- :guilabel:`Obligaciones y Responsabilidades`: Select the fiscal responsibility for the company.
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(:guilabel:`O-13` Gran Contribuyente, :guilabel:`O-15` Autorretenedor,
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:guilabel:`O-23` Agente de retención IVA, :guilabel:`O-47` Regimen de tributación simple,
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:guilabel:`R-99-PN` No Aplica).
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- :guilabel:`Gran Contribuyente`: If the company is *Gran Contribuyente*, enable this option.
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- :guilabel:`Fiscal Regimen`: Select the Tribute Name for the company (:guilabel:`IVA`,
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:guilabel:`INC`, :guilabel:`IVA e INC`, or :guilabel:`No Aplica`)
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- :guilabel:`Commercial Name`: If the company uses a specific commercial name and it needs to be
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displayed in the invoice.
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.. tip::
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The data configured in the :guilabel:`Fiscal Information` section is printed in the valid fiscal
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PDF reports.
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.. _localization/colombia/einvoice-configuration:
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Electronic invoicing credentials and |DIAN| environment
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-------------------------------------------------------
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To configure the user credentials to be used to connect with the |DIAN|'s web service and the
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|DIAN| environment, navigate to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Configuration --> Settings` and
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scroll to the :guilabel:`Colombian Electronic Invoicing` section. Then, follow these steps:
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#. Select :guilabel:`DIAN: Free Service` as the :guilabel:`Electronic Invoicing Provider`.
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#. Configure the :guilabel:`Operation Modes` for the respective types of documents
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(*electronic invoices* or *support documents*) to be generated from Odoo. Click
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:guilabel:`Add a line`, then fill in the fields:
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- :guilabel:`Software Mode`: the type of document to be generated with the operation mode.
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- :guilabel:`Software ID`: the ID generated by |DIAN| for the specific operation mode.
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- :guilabel:`Software PIN`: the PIN selected in the operation mode configuration in the |DIAN|
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portal.
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- :guilabel:`Testing ID`: the testing ID generated by |DIAN| and obtained after testing the
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operation mode.
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#. Configure the available :guilabel:`Certificates` to sign the electronic documents. Click
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:guilabel:`Add a line`, then fill in the fields:
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- :guilabel:`Name`: the name of the certificate.
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- :guilabel:`Certificate`: upload the certificate file in PEM format. In the :guilabel:`Private
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Key` field that appears on the screen, select an existing private key or create a new one. To
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do so, enter a key name and select :guilabel:`Create and edit`. Then, in the :guilabel:`Create
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Private Key` wizard, upload a valid :guilabel:`Key file` and click :guilabel:`Save & Close`.
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.. image:: colombia/dian-credentials-configuration.png
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:alt: Colombian electronic invoicing credentials configured.
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#. Configure the |DIAN| environment; the |DIAN| electronic invoicing module offers three different
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|DIAN| environments to connect with:
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- **Certification environment**: This environment is useful to pass the |DIAN| certification
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process and obtain the *Enabled* status to invoice from Odoo. To activate it, enable both the
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:guilabel:`Test environment` and the :guilabel:`Activate the certification process` checkboxes.
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- **Testing environment**: This environment allows reproducing electronic invoicing flows
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and validations in the |DIAN| testing portal. To activate it, enable only the :guilabel:`Test
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Environment` checkbox.
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- **Production environment**: Activate production databases to generate valid electronic documents.
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To activate it, disable both the :guilabel:`Test environment` and the :guilabel:`Activate the
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certification process` checkboxes.
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.. note::
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In a multi-company database, each company can have its own certificate.
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.. seealso::
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For electronic invoicing configurations using the Carvajal solution, review the following video:
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`Configuración de Facturación Electrónica - Localización de Colombia
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<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bzweMwTEbfY&list=PL1-aSABtP6ABxZshems3snMjx7bj_7ZsZ&index=3>`_.
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.. _localization/colombia/master-data:
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Master data
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-----------
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.. _localization/colombia/contacts:
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Contacts
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~~~~~~~~
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Configure the following fields on the :doc:`contact form <../../essentials/contacts>`:
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- :guilabel:`Identification Number` (VAT): Select the identification number type and enter the
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identification number. If the identification number type is :guilabel:`NIT`, the identification
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number must include the verification digit at the end, prefixed by a hyphen (`-`).
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- :ref:`Fiscal Information fields <localization/colombia/configuration/company>` in the
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:guilabel:`Sales & Purchase` tab.
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.. _localization/colombia/products:
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Products
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~~~~~~~~
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Access the product's form via :menuselection:`Accounting --> Customers --> Products` and ensure
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that either the :guilabel:`UNSPSC Category` field (found in the :guilabel:`Accounting tab`) or the
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:guilabel:`Internal Reference` field (in the :guilabel:`General Information` tab) is configured.
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.. _localization/colombia/taxes:
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Taxes
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~~~~~
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To create or modify taxes, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Configuration --> Taxes`, and select
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the related tax.
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If sales transactions include products with taxes, configure the :guilabel:`Value Type` field in the
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:guilabel:`Advanced Options` tab. Retention tax types (:guilabel:`ICA`, :guilabel:`IVA`,
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:guilabel:`Fuente`) are also included. This configuration is used to display taxes correctly on the
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invoice.
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.. image:: colombia/dian-taxes-configuration.png
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:alt: Specific tax configurations per DIAN regulations.
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.. _localization/colombia/co-journals:
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Sales journals
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Once the |DIAN| has assigned the official sequence and prefix for the electronic invoice resolution,
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the sales journals related to the invoices **must** be updated in Odoo. To do so, navigate
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to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Configuration --> Journals` and select an existing sales journal
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or create a new one with the :guilabel:`Create` button.
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On the sales journal form, enter the :guilabel:`Journal Name` and :guilabel:`Type`, then set a
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unique :guilabel:`Short Code` in the :guilabel:`Journals Entries` tab. Then, configure the following
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data in the :guilabel:`Advanced Settings` tab:
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- :guilabel:`Electronic invoicing`: enable UBL 2.1 (Colombia).
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- :guilabel:`Invoicing Resolution`: resolution number issued by |DIAN| to the company via their test
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set.
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- :guilabel:`Resolution Date`: initial effective date of the resolution.
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- :guilabel:`Resolution End Date`: end date of the resolution's validity.
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- :guilabel:`Range of Numbering (minimum)`: first authorized invoice number.
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- :guilabel:`Range of Numbering (maximum)`: last authorized invoice number.
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- :guilabel:`Technical Key`: control key received from the |DIAN| portal test set or from their web
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service in case of the production environment.
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When the database is configured for the :ref:`production environment
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<localization/colombia/einvoice-configuration>`, instead of configuring these fields manually,
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click the :guilabel:`Reload DIAN configuration` button to obtain the |DIAN| resolution information
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from the |DIAN| web service.
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.. image:: colombia/reload-dian-configuration-button.png
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:alt: Reload DIAN configuration button in sale journals.
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.. important::
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- The short code and resolution of the journal **must** match the ones received in the |DIAN|
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portal test set or from the MUISCA portal.
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- The :ref:`invoice sequence and prefix <localization/colombia/invoice-creation>` **must** be
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correctly configured when the first invoice is created. Odoo automatically assigns a prefix
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and sequence to the following invoices.
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.. _localization/colombia/purchase-journals:
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Purchase journals
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Once the |DIAN| has assigned the official sequence and prefix for the *support document* related to
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vendor bills, the purchase journals related to their supporting documents need to be updated in
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Odoo. The process is similar to the configuration of the :ref:`sales journals
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<localization/colombia/co-journals>`.
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.. seealso::
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For more information on support document journals using the Carvajal solution, review the
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`Documento Soporte - Localización de Colombia video
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<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UmYsFcD7xzE&list=PL1-aSABtP6ABxZshems3snMjx7bj_7ZsZ&index=8>`_.
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.. _localization/colombia/chart-of-accounts:
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Chart of accounts
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The :doc:`chart of accounts </applications/finance/accounting/get_started/chart_of_accounts>` is
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installed by default as part of the localization module. The accounts are mapped automatically in
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taxes, default account payable, and default account receivable. The chart of accounts for Colombia
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is based on the PUC (Plan Unico de Cuentas).
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.. _localization/colombia/workflows:
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Main workflows
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==============
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.. _localization/colombia/electronic-invoices:
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Electronic invoices
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-------------------
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The following is a breakdown of the main workflow for electronic invoices with the Colombian
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localization:
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#. The user creates an invoice.
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#. Odoo generates the legal XML file.
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#. Odoo generates the CUFE (Invoice Electronic Code) with the electronic signature.
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#. Odoo sends a notification to DIAN.
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#. |DIAN| validates the invoice.
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#. |DIAN| accepts or rejects the invoice.
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#. Odoo generates the PDF invoice with a QR code.
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#. Odoo compresses the attached document (containing the sent XML file and the DIAN validation
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response) and the fiscal valid PDF into a :file:`.zip` file.
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#. The user sends the invoice (:file:`.zip` file) via Odoo to the acquirer.
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.. _localization/colombia/invoice-creation:
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Invoice creation
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. note::
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The functional workflow taking place before an invoice validation does **not** alter the main
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changes introduced with the electronic invoice.
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Electronic invoices are generated and sent to both the |DIAN| and the customer. These documents can
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be created from the sales order or manually generated. To create a new invoice, go to
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:menuselection:`Accounting --> Costumers --> Invoices`, and select :guilabel:`Create`. On the
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invoice form, configure the following fields:
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- :guilabel:`Customer`: customer's information.
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- :guilabel:`Journal`: journal used for electronic invoices.
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- :guilabel:`Electronic Invoice Type`: Select the type of document. By default, :guilabel:`Factura
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de Venta` is selected.
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- :guilabel:`Invoice Lines`: Specify the products with the correct taxes.
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.. important::
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When creating the first invoice related to an electronic invoicing journal, it is required to
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manually change the *sequence* of the invoice to the |DIAN| format: `Prefix + Sequence`.
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For example, format the sequence from `SETP/2024/00001` to `SETP1`.
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When done, click :guilabel:`Confirm`.
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.. _localization/colombia/send-electronic-invoice:
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Electronic invoice sending
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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After the :ref:`invoice confirmation <localization/colombia/invoice-creation>`, click
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:guilabel:`Print & Send`. In the wizard that appears, make sure to enable the :guilabel:`DIAN` and
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:guilabel:`Email` checkboxes to send an XML to the |DIAN| web service and the validated invoice to
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the client fiscal email and click :guilabel:`Print & Send`. Then:
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- The XML document is created.
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- The CUFE is generated.
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- The XML is processed synchronously by the |DIAN|.
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- If accepted, the file is displayed in the chatter and the email to the client with the
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corresponding :file:`.zip` file.
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.. image:: colombia/zip-xml-chatter-colombia.png
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:alt: EDI documents available in the chatter.
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The :guilabel:`DIAN` tab then displays the following:
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- :guilabel:`Signed Date`: timestamp recorded of the XML creation.
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- :guilabel:`Status`: Status result obtained in the |DIAN| response. If the invoice was
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rejected, the error messages can be seen here.
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- :guilabel:`Testing Environment`: To know if the document sent was delivered to the |DIAN| testing
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environment.
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- :guilabel:`Certification Process`: To know if the document was sent as part of the certification
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process with the |DIAN|.
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- :guilabel:`Download`: To download the sent XML file, even if the |DIAN| result was
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rejected.
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- :guilabel:`Fetch Attached Document`: To download the generated attached document file included in
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the delivered :file:`.zip` file to the client.
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.. image:: colombia/dian-tab-electronic-document.png
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:alt: EDI document record available in DIAN tab.
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.. _localization/colombia/credit-notes:
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Credit notes
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------------
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The process for credit notes is the same as for invoices. To create a credit note with reference to
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an invoice, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Customers --> Invoices`. On the invoice, click
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:guilabel:`Add Credit Note`, and complete the following information:
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- :guilabel:`Credit Method`: Select the type of credit method.
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- :guilabel:`Partial Refund`: Use this option when it is a partial amount.
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- :guilabel:`Full Refund`: Use this option if the credit note is for the full amount.
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- :guilabel:`Full refund and new draft invoice`: Use this option if the credit note is
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auto-validated and reconciled with the invoice. The original invoice is duplicated as a new
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draft.
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- :guilabel:`Reason`: Enter the reason for the credit note.
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- :guilabel:`Reversal Date`: Select if you want a specific date for the credit note or if it is the
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journal entry date.
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- :guilabel:`Use Specific Journal`: Select the journal for your credit note or leave it empty if
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you want to use the same journal as the original invoice.
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- :guilabel:`Refund Date`: If you chose a specific date, select the date for the refund.
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Once reviewed, click the :guilabel:`Reverse` button.
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.. _localization/colombia/debit-notes:
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Debit notes
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-----------
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The process for debit notes is similar to credit notes. To create a debit note with reference to an
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invoice, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Customers --> Invoices`. On the invoice, click the
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:guilabel:`Add Debit Note` button, and enter the following information:
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- :guilabel:`Reason`: Type the reason for the debit note.
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- :guilabel:`Debit note date`: Select the specific options.
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- :guilabel:`Copy lines`: Select this option if you need to register a debit note with the same
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lines of invoice.
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- :guilabel:`Use Specific Journal`: Select the printer point for your debit note, or leave it empty
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if you want to use the same journal as the original invoice.
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When done, click :guilabel:`Create Debit Note`.
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.. _localization/colombia/support-document:
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Support document for vendor bills
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---------------------------------
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With master data, credentials, and the purchase journal configured for support documents related to
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vendor bills, you can start using *support documents*.
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Support documents for vendor bills can be created from your purchase order or manually. Go to
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:menuselection:`Accounting --> Vendors --> Bills` and fill in the following data:
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- :guilabel:`Vendor`: Enter the vendor's information.
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- :guilabel:`Bill Date`: Select the date of the bill.
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- :guilabel:`Journal`: Select the journal for support documents related to the vendor bills.
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- :guilabel:`Invoiced Lines`: Specify the products with the correct taxes.
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Once reviewed, click the :guilabel:`Confirm` button. Upon confirmation, an XML file is created and
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automatically sent to Carvajal.
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.. _localization/colombia/common-errors:
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Common errors
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-------------
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During the XML validation, the most common errors are related to missing :ref:`master data
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<localization/colombia/master-data>`. In such cases, a validation error message is displayed and
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sending is blocked.
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If the invoice was sent and set as *Rejected* by the |DIAN|, the error messages are visible by
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clicking the :icon:`fa-info-circle` :guilabel:`(info circle)` icon next to the :guilabel:`Status`
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field in the :guilabel:`DIAN` tab. Using the reported error codes, it is possible to review
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solutions to apply before re-sending.
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.. image:: colombia/rejected-invoice-error-message.png
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:alt: Example of error messages on rejected invoices.
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After the master data or other issues are corrected, it is possible to reprocess the XML again. Do
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so by following the :ref:`electronic invoice sending <localization/colombia/send-electronic-invoice>`
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flow.
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.. _localization/colombia/reports:
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Financial reports
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=================
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.. _localization/colombia/certificado-ica:
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Certificado de Retención en ICA
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-------------------------------
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This report is a certification to vendors for withholdings made for the Colombian Industry and
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Commerce (ICA) tax. The report can be found under :menuselection:`Accounting --> Reporting -->
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Colombian Statements --> Certificado de Retención en ICA`.
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Click the :icon:`fa-cog` :guilabel:`(gear)` icon to display options to :guilabel:`Download Excel`
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and :guilabel:`Copy to Documents`.
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.. image:: colombia/retencion-ica-dian.png
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:alt: Certificado de Retención en ICA report in Odoo Accounting.
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.. _localization/colombia/certificado-iva:
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Certificado de Retención en IVA
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-------------------------------
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This report issues a certificate on the amount withheld from vendors for VAT withholding. The report
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can be found under :menuselection:`Accounting --> Reporting --> Colombian Statements --> Certificado
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de Retención en IVA`.
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Click the :icon:`fa-cog` :guilabel:`(gear)` icon to display options to :guilabel:`Download Excel`
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and :guilabel:`Copy to Documents`.
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.. image:: colombia/retencion-iva-dian.png
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:alt: Certificado de Retención en IVA report in Odoo Accounting.
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.. _localization/colombia/certificado-fuente:
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Certificado de Retención en la Fuente
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-------------------------------------
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This certificate is issued to partners for the withholding tax that they have made. The report can
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be found under :menuselection:`Accounting --> Reporting --> Colombian Statements --> Certificado de
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Retención en Fuente`.
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Click the :icon:`fa-cog` :guilabel:`(gear)` icon to display options to :guilabel:`Download Excel`
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and :guilabel:`Copy to Documents`.
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.. image:: colombia/retencion-fuente-dian.png
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:alt: Certificado de Retención en Fuente report in Odoo Accounting.
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