173 lines
6.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
173 lines
6.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
=================
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Chart of Accounts
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=================
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The **Chart of Accounts (COA)** is the list of all the accounts used to record financial
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transactions in the general ledger of an organization.
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The accounts are usually listed in the order of appearance in the financial reports. Most of the
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time, they are listed as follows :
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- Balance Sheet accounts
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* Assets
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* Liabilities
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* Equity
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- Profit & Loss
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* Income
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* Expense
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When browsing your Chart of Accounts, you can filter the accounts by number, in the left column, and
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also group them by Account Type.
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.. image:: media/chart_of_accounts01.png
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:align: center
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:alt: Group the accounts by type in Odoo Accounting
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Configuration of an Account
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===========================
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The country you select at the creation of your database (or additional company on your database)
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determines which **Fiscal Localization Package** is installed by default. This package includes a
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standard Chart of Accounts already configured according to the country's regulations. You can use
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it directly or set it according to your company's needs.
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.. warning::
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It is not possible to modify the **Fiscal Localization** of a company once a Journal Entry has
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been posted.
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To create a new account, go to :menuselection:`Accounting --> Configuration --> Chart of Accounts`,
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click on *Create*, and fill out the form.
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Code and Name
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-------------
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Each account is identified by its **Code** and **Name**, which also indicates the account's purpose.
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Type
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----
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Configuring correctly the **Account Type** is critical as it serves multiple purposes:
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- Information on the account's purpose and behavior
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- Generate country-specific legal and financial reports
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- Set the rules to close a fiscal year
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- Generate opening entries
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To configure an account type, open the **Type** field's drop-down selector and select the right
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type among the following list:
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+---------------+--------------+-------------------------+
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| Report | Category | Account Types |
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+===============+==============+=========================+
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| Balance Sheet | Assets | Receivable |
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| | +-------------------------+
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| | | Bank and Cash |
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| | +-------------------------+
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| | | Current Assets |
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| | +-------------------------+
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| | | Non-current Assets |
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| | +-------------------------+
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| | | Prepayments |
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| | +-------------------------+
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| | | Fixed Assets |
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| +--------------+-------------------------+
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| | Liabilities | Payable |
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| | +-------------------------+
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| | | Credit Card |
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| | +-------------------------+
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| | | Current Liabilities |
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| | +-------------------------+
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| | | Non-current Liabilities |
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| +--------------+-------------------------+
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| | Equity | Equity |
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| | +-------------------------+
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| | | Current Year Earnings |
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+---------------+--------------+-------------------------+
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| Profit & Loss | Income | Income |
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| | +-------------------------+
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| | | Other Income |
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| +--------------+-------------------------+
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| | Expense | Expense |
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| | | Depreciation |
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| | | Cost of Revenue |
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+---------------+--------------+-------------------------+
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|Other | Other | Off-Balance Sheet |
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+---------------+--------------+-------------------------+
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Assets, Deferred Expenses, and Deferred Revenues Automation
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Some Account Types display a new field **to automate** the creation of :ref:`Assets
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<assets-automation>` entries, :ref:`Deferred Expenses <deferred-expenses-automation>` entries,
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and :ref:`Deferred Revenues <deferred-revenues-automation>` entries.
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You have three choices for the **Automation** field:
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#. **No:** this is the default value. Nothing happens.
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#. **Create in draft:** whenever a transaction is posted on the account, a draft entry is created,
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but not validated. You must first fill out the corresponding form.
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#. **Create and validate:** you must also select a Model. Whenever a transaction is posted on the
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account, an entry is created and immediately validated.
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.. note::
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Please refer to the related documentation for more information.
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Default Taxes
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-------------
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Select a **default tax** that will be applied when this account is chosen for a product sale or
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purchase.
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Tags
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----
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Some accounting reports require **tags** to be set on the relevant accounts. By default, you can
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choose among the tags that are used by the *Cash Flow Statement*.
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Account Groups
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--------------
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**Account Groups** are useful to list multiple accounts as *sub-accounts* of a bigger account and
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thus consolidate reports such as the **Trial Balance**.
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To create a new Account Group, open the account you want to configure as sub-account, click on the
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*Group* drop-down selector, select *Create and Edit...*, fill out the form, and save. Next,
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set all the sub-accounts with the right Account Group.
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To display your **Trial Balance** report with your Account Groups, go to :menuselection:`Accounting
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--> Reporting --> Trial Balance`, then open the *Options* menu and select **Hierarchy and
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Subtotals**.
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.. image:: media/chart_of_accounts02.png
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:align: center
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:alt: Account Groups in the Trial Balance in Odoo Accounting
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Allow Reconciliation
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--------------------
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Some accounts, such as accounts made to record the transactions of a payment method, can be used for
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the reconciliation of journal entries.
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For example, an invoice paid with a credit card can be *marked as paid* if reconciled with the
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payment. Therefore, the account used to record credit card payments needs to be configured as
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*allowing reconciliation*.
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To do so, check the **Allow Reconciliation** box and save.
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Deprecated
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----------
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It is not possible to delete an account once a transaction has been recorded on it. You can make
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them unusable by using the **Deprecated** feature.
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To do so, check the **Deprecated** box and save.
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.. seealso::
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* :doc:`../../payables/supplier_bills/assets`
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* :doc:`../../payables/supplier_bills/deferred_expenses`
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* :doc:`../../receivables/customer_invoices/deferred_revenues` |