diff --git a/src/qweb/base_directives.ts b/src/qweb/base_directives.ts
index 0b01ee48..0684bd29 100644
--- a/src/qweb/base_directives.ts
+++ b/src/qweb/base_directives.ts
@@ -100,6 +100,16 @@ QWeb.addDirective({
   },
 });
 
+QWeb.addDirective({
+  name: "out",
+  priority: 70,
+  atNodeEncounter({ node, qweb, ctx }): boolean {
+    let value = ctx.getValue(node.getAttribute("t-out")!);
+    compileValueNode(value, node, qweb, ctx.subContext("escaping", true));
+    return true;
+  },
+});
+
 QWeb.addDirective({
   name: "raw",
   priority: 80,
diff --git a/src/qweb/qweb.ts b/src/qweb/qweb.ts
index fbcc9a93..f01e2691 100644
--- a/src/qweb/qweb.ts
+++ b/src/qweb/qweb.ts
@@ -599,7 +599,7 @@ export class QWeb extends EventBus {
         if (!(dName in QWeb.DIRECTIVE_NAMES)) {
           throw new Error(`Unknown QWeb directive: '${attrName}'`);
         }
-        if (node.tagName !== "t" && (attrName === "t-esc" || attrName === "t-raw")) {
+        if (node.tagName !== "t" && (attrName === "t-esc" || attrName === "t-out" || attrName === "t-raw")) {
           const tNode = document.implementation.createDocument(
             "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml",
             "t",
diff --git a/tests/qweb/__snapshots__/qweb.test.ts.snap b/tests/qweb/__snapshots__/qweb.test.ts.snap
index 41de1d25..5ebaa6ce 100644
--- a/tests/qweb/__snapshots__/qweb.test.ts.snap
+++ b/tests/qweb/__snapshots__/qweb.test.ts.snap
@@ -1236,7 +1236,7 @@ exports[`static templates empty div 1`] = `
 }"
 `;
 
-exports[`static templates inline template string in t-esc 1`] = `
+exports[`static templates inline template string in t-out 1`] = `
 "function anonymous(context, extra
 ) {
     // Template name: \\"test\\"
@@ -1252,7 +1252,7 @@ exports[`static templates inline template string in t-esc 1`] = `
 }"
 `;
 
-exports[`static templates inline template string with content in t-esc 1`] = `
+exports[`static templates inline template string with content in t-out 1`] = `
 "function anonymous(context, extra
 ) {
     // Template name: \\"test\\"
@@ -2244,245 +2244,6 @@ exports[`t-call (template calling with used set body 1`] = `
 }"
 `;
 
-exports[`t-esc div with falsy values 1`] = `
-"function anonymous(context, extra
-) {
-    // Template name: \\"test\\"
-    let scope = Object.create(context);
-    let h = this.h;
-    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
-    let vn1 = h('div', p1, c1);
-    let c2 = [], p2 = {key:2};
-    let vn2 = h('p', p2, c2);
-    c1.push(vn2);
-    let _3 = scope['v1'];
-    if (_3 != null) {
-        c2.push({text: _3});
-    }
-    let c4 = [], p4 = {key:4};
-    let vn4 = h('p', p4, c4);
-    c1.push(vn4);
-    let _5 = scope['v2'];
-    if (_5 != null) {
-        c4.push({text: _5});
-    }
-    let c6 = [], p6 = {key:6};
-    let vn6 = h('p', p6, c6);
-    c1.push(vn6);
-    let _7 = scope['v3'];
-    if (_7 != null) {
-        c6.push({text: _7});
-    }
-    let c8 = [], p8 = {key:8};
-    let vn8 = h('p', p8, c8);
-    c1.push(vn8);
-    let _9 = scope['v4'];
-    if (_9 != null) {
-        c8.push({text: _9});
-    }
-    let c10 = [], p10 = {key:10};
-    let vn10 = h('p', p10, c10);
-    c1.push(vn10);
-    let _11 = scope['v5'];
-    if (_11 != null) {
-        c10.push({text: _11});
-    }
-    return vn1;
-}"
-`;
-
-exports[`t-esc escaping 1`] = `
-"function anonymous(context, extra
-) {
-    // Template name: \\"test\\"
-    let scope = Object.create(context);
-    let h = this.h;
-    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
-    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
-    let _2 = scope['var'];
-    if (_2 != null) {
-        c1.push({text: _2});
-    }
-    return vn1;
-}"
-`;
-
-exports[`t-esc escaping on a node 1`] = `
-"function anonymous(context, extra
-) {
-    // Template name: \\"test\\"
-    let scope = Object.create(context);
-    let h = this.h;
-    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
-    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
-    let _2 = 'ok';
-    if (_2 != null) {
-        c1.push({text: _2});
-    }
-    return vn1;
-}"
-`;
-
-exports[`t-esc escaping on a node with a body 1`] = `
-"function anonymous(context, extra
-) {
-    // Template name: \\"test\\"
-    let scope = Object.create(context);
-    let h = this.h;
-    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
-    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
-    let _2 = 'ok';
-    if (_2 != null) {
-        c1.push({text: _2});
-    } else {
-        c1.push({text: \`nope\`});
-    }
-    return vn1;
-}"
-`;
-
-exports[`t-esc escaping on a node with a body, as a default 1`] = `
-"function anonymous(context, extra
-) {
-    // Template name: \\"test\\"
-    let scope = Object.create(context);
-    let h = this.h;
-    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
-    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
-    let _2 = scope['var'];
-    if (_2 != null) {
-        c1.push({text: _2});
-    } else {
-        c1.push({text: \`nope\`});
-    }
-    return vn1;
-}"
-`;
-
-exports[`t-esc literal 1`] = `
-"function anonymous(context, extra
-) {
-    // Template name: \\"test\\"
-    let scope = Object.create(context);
-    let h = this.h;
-    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
-    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
-    let _2 = 'ok';
-    if (_2 != null) {
-        c1.push({text: _2});
-    }
-    return vn1;
-}"
-`;
-
-exports[`t-esc t-esc inside t-call, with t-set outside 1`] = `
-"function anonymous(context, extra
-) {
-    // Template name: \\"main\\"
-    let utils = this.constructor.utils;
-    let scope = Object.create(context);
-    let h = this.h;
-    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
-    let vn1 = h('div', p1, c1);
-    let c2 = new utils.VDomArray();
-    c2.push({text: \`Hi\`});
-    scope.v = c2
-    let _origScope6 = scope;
-    scope = Object.create(scope);
-    scope.__access_mode__ = 'ro';
-    this.constructor.subTemplates['1'].call(this, scope, Object.assign({}, extra, {parentNode: c1, parent: utils.getComponent(context), key: '__7__'}));
-    scope = _origScope6;
-    return vn1;
-}"
-`;
-
-exports[`t-esc t-esc is escaped 1`] = `
-"function anonymous(context, extra
-) {
-    // Template name: \\"test\\"
-    let utils = this.constructor.utils;
-    let scope = Object.create(context);
-    let h = this.h;
-    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
-    let vn1 = h('div', p1, c1);
-    let c2 = new utils.VDomArray();
-    let c3 = [], p3 = {key:3};
-    let vn3 = h('p', p3, c3);
-    c2.push(vn3);
-    c3.push({text: \`escaped\`});
-    scope.var = c2
-    if (scope.var != null) {
-        let _origScope4 = scope;
-        scope = Object.create(scope);
-        scope.__access_mode__ = 'ro';
-        scope.var = scope.var instanceof utils.VDomArray ? utils.vDomToString(scope.var) : scope.var;
-        c1.push({text: scope.var});
-        scope = _origScope4;
-    }
-    return vn1;
-}"
-`;
-
-exports[`t-esc t-esc work with spread operator 1`] = `
-"function anonymous(context, extra
-) {
-    // Template name: \\"test\\"
-    let scope = Object.create(context);
-    let h = this.h;
-    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
-    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
-    let _2 = [...scope['state'].list];
-    if (_2 != null) {
-        c1.push({text: _2});
-    }
-    return vn1;
-}"
-`;
-
-exports[`t-esc t-esc=0 is escaped 1`] = `
-"function anonymous(context, extra
-) {
-    // Template name: \\"testCaller\\"
-    let utils = this.constructor.utils;
-    let scope = Object.create(context);
-    let h = this.h;
-    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
-    let vn1 = h('div', p1, c1);
-    let _origScope4 = scope;
-    scope = Object.create(scope);
-    scope.__access_mode__ = 'ro';
-    {
-        {
-            let c__0 = [];
-            let c5 = [], p5 = {key:5};
-            let vn5 = h('p', p5, c5);
-            c__0.push(vn5);
-            c5.push({text: \`escaped\`});
-            scope[utils.zero] = c__0;
-        }
-        this.constructor.subTemplates['1'].call(this, scope, Object.assign({}, extra, {parentNode: c1, parent: utils.getComponent(context), key: '__6__'}));
-    }
-    scope = _origScope4;
-    return vn1;
-}"
-`;
-
-exports[`t-esc variable 1`] = `
-"function anonymous(context, extra
-) {
-    // Template name: \\"test\\"
-    let scope = Object.create(context);
-    let h = this.h;
-    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
-    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
-    let _2 = scope['var'];
-    if (_2 != null) {
-        c1.push({text: _2});
-    }
-    return vn1;
-}"
-`;
-
 exports[`t-if boolean value condition elif 1`] = `
 "function anonymous(context, extra
 ) {
@@ -2640,7 +2401,7 @@ exports[`t-if can use some boolean operators in expressions 1`] = `
 }"
 `;
 
-exports[`t-if t-esc with t-elif 1`] = `
+exports[`t-if t-out with t-elif 1`] = `
 "function anonymous(context, extra
 ) {
     // Template name: \\"test\\"
@@ -2661,7 +2422,7 @@ exports[`t-if t-esc with t-elif 1`] = `
 }"
 `;
 
-exports[`t-if t-esc with t-if 1`] = `
+exports[`t-if t-out with t-if 1`] = `
 "function anonymous(context, extra
 ) {
     // Template name: \\"test\\"
@@ -2957,7 +2718,7 @@ exports[`t-on handler is bound to proper owner 1`] = `
 }"
 `;
 
-exports[`t-on t-on combined with t-esc 1`] = `
+exports[`t-on t-on combined with t-out 1`] = `
 "function anonymous(context, extra
 ) {
     // Template name: \\"test\\"
@@ -3283,41 +3044,39 @@ exports[`t-on t-on, with arguments and t-call 1`] = `
 }"
 `;
 
-exports[`t-raw literal 1`] = `
+exports[`t-out (formerly t-raw tests) literal 1`] = `
 "function anonymous(context, extra
 ) {
     // Template name: \\"test\\"
-    let utils = this.constructor.utils;
     let scope = Object.create(context);
     let h = this.h;
     let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
     let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
     let _2 = 'ok';
     if (_2 != null) {
-        c1.push(...utils.htmlToVDOM(_2));
+        c1.push({text: _2});
     }
     return vn1;
 }"
 `;
 
-exports[`t-raw not escaping 1`] = `
+exports[`t-out (formerly t-raw tests) not escaping 1`] = `
 "function anonymous(context, extra
 ) {
     // Template name: \\"test\\"
-    let utils = this.constructor.utils;
     let scope = Object.create(context);
     let h = this.h;
     let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
     let vn1 = h('div', p1, c1);
     let _2 = scope['var'];
     if (_2 != null) {
-        c1.push(...utils.htmlToVDOM(_2));
+        c1.push({text: _2});
     }
     return vn1;
 }"
 `;
 
-exports[`t-raw t-raw and another sibling node 1`] = `
+exports[`t-out (formerly t-raw tests) t-raw and another sibling node 1`] = `
 "function anonymous(context, extra
 ) {
     // Template name: \\"test\\"
@@ -3338,7 +3097,7 @@ exports[`t-raw t-raw and another sibling node 1`] = `
 }"
 `;
 
-exports[`t-raw t-raw with comment 1`] = `
+exports[`t-out (formerly t-raw tests) t-raw with comment 1`] = `
 "function anonymous(context, extra
 ) {
     // Template name: \\"test\\"
@@ -3355,7 +3114,175 @@ exports[`t-raw t-raw with comment 1`] = `
 }"
 `;
 
-exports[`t-raw variable 1`] = `
+exports[`t-out (formerly t-raw tests) variable 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
+    let _2 = scope['var'];
+    if (_2 != null) {
+        c1.push({text: _2});
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`t-out div with falsy values 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('div', p1, c1);
+    let c2 = [], p2 = {key:2};
+    let vn2 = h('p', p2, c2);
+    c1.push(vn2);
+    let _3 = scope['v1'];
+    if (_3 != null) {
+        c2.push({text: _3});
+    }
+    let c4 = [], p4 = {key:4};
+    let vn4 = h('p', p4, c4);
+    c1.push(vn4);
+    let _5 = scope['v2'];
+    if (_5 != null) {
+        c4.push({text: _5});
+    }
+    let c6 = [], p6 = {key:6};
+    let vn6 = h('p', p6, c6);
+    c1.push(vn6);
+    let _7 = scope['v3'];
+    if (_7 != null) {
+        c6.push({text: _7});
+    }
+    let c8 = [], p8 = {key:8};
+    let vn8 = h('p', p8, c8);
+    c1.push(vn8);
+    let _9 = scope['v4'];
+    if (_9 != null) {
+        c8.push({text: _9});
+    }
+    let c10 = [], p10 = {key:10};
+    let vn10 = h('p', p10, c10);
+    c1.push(vn10);
+    let _11 = scope['v5'];
+    if (_11 != null) {
+        c10.push({text: _11});
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`t-out escaping 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
+    let _2 = scope['var'];
+    if (_2 != null) {
+        c1.push({text: _2});
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`t-out escaping on a node 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
+    let _2 = 'ok';
+    if (_2 != null) {
+        c1.push({text: _2});
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`t-out escaping on a node with a body 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
+    let _2 = 'ok';
+    if (_2 != null) {
+        c1.push({text: _2});
+    } else {
+        c1.push({text: \`nope\`});
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`t-out escaping on a node with a body, as a default 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
+    let _2 = scope['var'];
+    if (_2 != null) {
+        c1.push({text: _2});
+    } else {
+        c1.push({text: \`nope\`});
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`t-out literal 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
+    let _2 = 'ok';
+    if (_2 != null) {
+        c1.push({text: _2});
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`t-out t-out inside t-call, with t-set outside 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"main\\"
+    let utils = this.constructor.utils;
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('div', p1, c1);
+    let c2 = new utils.VDomArray();
+    c2.push({text: \`Hi\`});
+    scope.v = c2
+    let _origScope6 = scope;
+    scope = Object.create(scope);
+    scope.__access_mode__ = 'ro';
+    this.constructor.subTemplates['1'].call(this, scope, Object.assign({}, extra, {parentNode: c1, parent: utils.getComponent(context), key: '__7__'}));
+    scope = _origScope6;
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`t-out t-out is escaped 1`] = `
 "function anonymous(context, extra
 ) {
     // Template name: \\"test\\"
@@ -3363,10 +3290,80 @@ exports[`t-raw variable 1`] = `
     let scope = Object.create(context);
     let h = this.h;
     let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('div', p1, c1);
+    let c2 = new utils.VDomArray();
+    let c3 = [], p3 = {key:3};
+    let vn3 = h('p', p3, c3);
+    c2.push(vn3);
+    c3.push({text: \`escaped\`});
+    scope.var = c2
+    if (scope.var != null) {
+        let _origScope4 = scope;
+        scope = Object.create(scope);
+        scope.__access_mode__ = 'ro';
+        scope.var = scope.var instanceof utils.VDomArray ? utils.vDomToString(scope.var) : scope.var;
+        c1.push({text: scope.var});
+        scope = _origScope4;
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`t-out t-out work with spread operator 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
+    let _2 = [...scope['state'].list];
+    if (_2 != null) {
+        c1.push({text: _2});
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`t-out t-out=0 is escaped 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"testCaller\\"
+    let utils = this.constructor.utils;
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('div', p1, c1);
+    let _origScope4 = scope;
+    scope = Object.create(scope);
+    scope.__access_mode__ = 'ro';
+    {
+        {
+            let c__0 = [];
+            let c5 = [], p5 = {key:5};
+            let vn5 = h('p', p5, c5);
+            c__0.push(vn5);
+            c5.push({text: \`escaped\`});
+            scope[utils.zero] = c__0;
+        }
+        this.constructor.subTemplates['1'].call(this, scope, Object.assign({}, extra, {parentNode: c1, parent: utils.getComponent(context), key: '__6__'}));
+    }
+    scope = _origScope4;
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`t-out variable 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
     let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
     let _2 = scope['var'];
     if (_2 != null) {
-        c1.push(...utils.htmlToVDOM(_2));
+        c1.push({text: _2});
     }
     return vn1;
 }"
@@ -3708,7 +3705,7 @@ exports[`t-set t-set should reuse variable if possible 1`] = `
 }"
 `;
 
-exports[`t-set t-set with content and sub t-esc 1`] = `
+exports[`t-set t-set with content and sub t-out 1`] = `
 "function anonymous(context, extra
 ) {
     // Template name: \\"test\\"
diff --git a/tests/qweb/__snapshots__/qweb_t_esc_t_raw.test.ts.snap b/tests/qweb/__snapshots__/qweb_t_esc_t_raw.test.ts.snap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..abd8b6be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qweb/__snapshots__/qweb_t_esc_t_raw.test.ts.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
+
+exports[`old t-esc directive escaping 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
+    let _2 = scope['var'];
+    if (_2 != null) {
+        c1.push({text: _2});
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`old t-esc directive simple dynamic value 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let result;
+    let h = this.h;
+    let _1 = scope['text'];
+    if (_1 != null) {
+        let vn2 = {text: _1};
+        result = vn2
+    }
+    return result;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`old t-raw directive literal 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let utils = this.constructor.utils;
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
+    let _2 = 'ok';
+    if (_2 != null) {
+        c1.push(...utils.htmlToVDOM(_2));
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`old t-raw directive not escaping 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let utils = this.constructor.utils;
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('div', p1, c1);
+    let _2 = scope['var'];
+    if (_2 != null) {
+        c1.push(...utils.htmlToVDOM(_2));
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`old t-raw directive t-raw and another sibling node 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let utils = this.constructor.utils;
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
+    let c2 = [], p2 = {key:2};
+    let vn2 = h('span', p2, c2);
+    c1.push(vn2);
+    c2.push({text: \`hello\`});
+    let _3 = scope['var'];
+    if (_3 != null) {
+        c1.push(...utils.htmlToVDOM(_3));
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`old t-raw directive t-raw with comment 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let utils = this.constructor.utils;
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
+    let _2 = scope['var'];
+    if (_2 != null) {
+        c1.push(...utils.htmlToVDOM(_2));
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
+
+exports[`old t-raw directive variable 1`] = `
+"function anonymous(context, extra
+) {
+    // Template name: \\"test\\"
+    let utils = this.constructor.utils;
+    let scope = Object.create(context);
+    let h = this.h;
+    let c1 = [], p1 = {key:1};
+    let vn1 = h('span', p1, c1);
+    let _2 = scope['var'];
+    if (_2 != null) {
+        c1.push(...utils.htmlToVDOM(_2));
+    }
+    return vn1;
+}"
+`;
diff --git a/tests/qweb/qweb.test.ts b/tests/qweb/qweb.test.ts
index 4aec9512..84a9e1a4 100644
--- a/tests/qweb/qweb.test.ts
+++ b/tests/qweb/qweb.test.ts
@@ -29,27 +29,27 @@ describe("static templates", () => {
   });
 
   test("simple dynamic value", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", '<t><t t-esc="text"/></t>');
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", '<t><t t-out="text"/></t>');
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { text: "hello vdom" })).toBe("hello vdom");
   });
 
-  test("inline template string in t-esc", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", '<t><t t-esc="`text`"/></t>');
+  test("inline template string in t-out", () => {
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", '<t><t t-out="`text`"/></t>');
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("text");
   });
 
-  test("inline template string with content in t-esc", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", '<t><t t-set="v" t-value="1"/><t t-esc="`text${v}`"/></t>');
+  test("inline template string with content in t-out", () => {
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", '<t><t t-set="v" t-value="1"/><t t-out="`text${v}`"/></t>');
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("text1");
   });
 
   test("inline template string with variable in context", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", '<t><t t-esc="`text ${v}`"/></t>');
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", '<t><t t-out="`text ${v}`"/></t>');
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { v: "from context" })).toBe("text from context");
   });
 
   test("simple string, with some dynamic value", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", '<t>hello <t t-esc="text"/></t>');
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", '<t>hello <t t-out="text"/></t>');
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { text: "vdom" })).toBe("hello vdom");
   });
 
@@ -149,47 +149,47 @@ describe("error handling", () => {
   });
 });
 
-describe("t-esc", () => {
+describe("t-out", () => {
   test("literal", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-esc="'ok'"/></span>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-out="'ok'"/></span>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("<span>ok</span>");
   });
 
   test("variable", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-esc="var"/></span>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-out="var"/></span>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { var: "ok" })).toBe("<span>ok</span>");
   });
 
   test("escaping", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-esc="var"/></span>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-out="var"/></span>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { var: "<ok>abc</ok>" })).toBe(
       "<span>&amp;lt;ok&amp;gt;abc&amp;lt;/ok&amp;gt;</span>"
     );
   });
 
   test("escaping on a node", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span t-esc="'ok'"/>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span t-out="'ok'"/>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("<span>ok</span>");
   });
 
   test("escaping on a node with a body", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span t-esc="'ok'">nope</span>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span t-out="'ok'">nope</span>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("<span>ok</span>");
   });
 
   test("escaping on a node with a body, as a default", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span t-esc="var">nope</span>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span t-out="var">nope</span>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("<span>nope</span>");
   });
 
-  test("t-esc is escaped", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-set="var"><p>escaped</p></t><t t-esc="var"/></div>`);
+  test("t-out is escaped", () => {
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-set="var"><p>escaped</p></t><t t-out="var"/></div>`);
     const domRendered = renderToDOM(qweb, "test");
     expect(domRendered.textContent).toBe("<p>escaped</p>");
   });
 
-  test("t-esc=0 is escaped", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-esc="0"/></span>`);
+  test("t-out=0 is escaped", () => {
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-out="0"/></span>`);
     qweb.addTemplate("testCaller", `<div><t t-call="test"><p>escaped</p></t></div>`);
     const domRendered = renderToDOM(qweb, "testCaller") as HTMLElement;
     expect(domRendered.querySelector("span")!.textContent).toBe("<p>escaped</p>");
@@ -200,11 +200,11 @@ describe("t-esc", () => {
       "test",
       `
       <div>
-        <p t-esc="v1"/>
-        <p t-esc="v2"/>
-        <p t-esc="v3"/>
-        <p t-esc="v4"/>
-        <p t-esc="v5"/>
+        <p t-out="v1"/>
+        <p t-out="v2"/>
+        <p t-out="v3"/>
+        <p t-out="v4"/>
+        <p t-out="v5"/>
       </div>`
     );
     const vals = {
@@ -219,33 +219,33 @@ describe("t-esc", () => {
     );
   });
 
-  test("t-esc work with spread operator", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-esc="[...state.list]"/></span>`);
+  test("t-out work with spread operator", () => {
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-out="[...state.list]"/></span>`);
     const result = renderToString(qweb, "test", { state: { list: [1, 2] } });
     expect(result).toBe("<span>1,2</span>");
   });
 
-  test("t-esc inside t-call, with t-set outside", () => {
+  test("t-out inside t-call, with t-set outside", () => {
     qweb.addTemplate("main", `<div><t t-set="v">Hi</t><t t-call="sub"/></div>`);
-    qweb.addTemplate("sub", `<span t-esc="v"/>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("sub", `<span t-out="v"/>`);
     const result = renderToString(qweb, "main");
     expect(result).toBe("<div><span>Hi</span></div>");
   });
 });
 
-describe("t-raw", () => {
+describe("t-out (formerly t-raw tests)", () => {
   test("literal", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-raw="'ok'"/></span>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-out="'ok'"/></span>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("<span>ok</span>");
   });
 
   test("variable", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-raw="var"/></span>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-out="var"/></span>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { var: "ok" })).toBe("<span>ok</span>");
   });
 
   test("not escaping", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-raw="var"/></div>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-out="var"/></div>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { var: "<ok></ok>" })).toBe("<div><ok></ok></div>");
   });
 
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ describe("t-raw", () => {
 
 describe("t-set", () => {
   test("set from attribute literal", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-set="value" t-value="'ok'"/><t t-esc="value"/></div>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-set="value" t-value="'ok'"/><t t-out="value"/></div>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("<div>ok</div>");
   });
 
@@ -282,12 +282,12 @@ describe("t-set", () => {
   });
 
   test("set from body literal", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<t><t t-set="value">ok</t><t t-esc="value"/></t>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<t><t t-set="value">ok</t><t t-out="value"/></t>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("ok");
   });
 
   test("set from attribute lookup", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-set="stuff" t-value="value"/><t t-esc="stuff"/></div>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-set="stuff" t-value="value"/><t t-out="stuff"/></div>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { value: "ok" })).toBe("<div>ok</div>");
   });
 
@@ -296,8 +296,8 @@ describe("t-set", () => {
       "test",
       `<div >
           <t t-set="v" t-value="value + ' artois'"/>
-          <t t-esc="v"/>
-          <t t-esc="v"/>
+          <t t-out="v"/>
+          <t t-out="v"/>
         </div>`
     );
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { value: "stella" })).toBe(
@@ -308,23 +308,23 @@ describe("t-set", () => {
   test("set from body lookup", () => {
     qweb.addTemplate(
       "test",
-      `<div><t t-set="stuff"><t t-esc="value"/></t><t t-esc="stuff"/></div>`
+      `<div><t t-set="stuff"><t t-out="value"/></t><t t-out="stuff"/></div>`
     );
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { value: "ok" })).toBe("<div>ok</div>");
   });
 
   test("set from empty body", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-set="stuff"/><t t-esc="stuff"/></div>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-set="stuff"/><t t-out="stuff"/></div>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("<div></div>");
   });
 
   test("value priority", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-set="value" t-value="1">2</t><t t-esc="value"/></div>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-set="value" t-value="1">2</t><t t-out="value"/></div>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("<div>1</div>");
   });
 
   test("evaluate value expression", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-set="value" t-value="1 + 2"/><t t-esc="value"/></div>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-set="value" t-value="1 + 2"/><t t-out="value"/></div>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("<div>3</div>");
   });
 
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ describe("t-set", () => {
       `<div>
           <t t-set="v" t-value="1"/>
           <div t-foreach="list" t-as="elem" t-key="elem_index">
-              <span>v<t t-esc="v"/></span>
+              <span>v<t t-out="v"/></span>
               <t t-set="v" t-value="elem"/>
           </div>
         </div>`
@@ -344,12 +344,12 @@ describe("t-set", () => {
     );
   });
 
-  test("t-set with content and sub t-esc", () => {
+  test("t-set with content and sub t-out", () => {
     qweb.addTemplate(
       "test",
       `<div>
-        <t t-set="setvar"><t t-esc="beep"/> boop</t>
-        <t t-esc="setvar"/>
+        <t t-set="setvar"><t t-out="beep"/> boop</t>
+        <t t-out="setvar"/>
       </div>`
     );
 
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ describe("t-set", () => {
   test("evaluate value expression, part 2", () => {
     qweb.addTemplate(
       "test",
-      `<div><t t-set="value" t-value="somevariable + 2"/><t t-esc="value"/></div>`
+      `<div><t t-set="value" t-value="somevariable + 2"/><t t-out="value"/></div>`
     );
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { somevariable: 43 })).toBe("<div>45</div>");
   });
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ describe("t-set", () => {
       `<div>
         <t t-if="flag" t-set="ourvar">1</t>
         <t t-else="" t-set="ourvar" t-value="0"></t>
-        <t t-esc="ourvar"/>
+        <t t-out="ourvar"/>
       </div>`
     );
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { flag: true })).toBe("<div>1</div>");
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ describe("t-set", () => {
       `<div>
         <t t-if="flag" t-set="ourvar" t-value="1"></t>
         <t t-else="" t-set="ourvar">0</t>
-        <t t-esc="ourvar"/>
+        <t t-out="ourvar"/>
       </div>`
     );
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { flag: true })).toBe("<div>1</div>");
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ describe("t-set", () => {
       `<div>
         <t t-set="v1" t-value="'before'"/>
         <t t-set="v2">
-          <span><t t-esc="v1"/></span>
+          <span><t t-out="v1"/></span>
         </t>
         <t t-set="v1" t-value="'after'"/>
         <t t-raw="v2"/>
@@ -413,7 +413,7 @@ describe("t-set", () => {
         <t t-set="v3" t-value="false"/>
         <t t-set="v1" t-value="'before'"/>
         <t t-set="v2" t-value="v3">
-          <span><t t-esc="v1"/></span>
+          <span><t t-out="v1"/></span>
         </t>
         <t t-set="v1" t-value="'after'"/>
         <t t-set="v3" t-value="true"/>
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ describe("t-set", () => {
         <t t-set="v3" t-value="'Truthy'"/>
         <t t-set="v1" t-value="'before'"/>
         <t t-set="v2" t-value="v3">
-          <span><t t-esc="v1"/></span>
+          <span><t t-out="v1"/></span>
         </t>
         <t t-set="v1" t-value="'after'"/>
         <t t-set="v3" t-value="false"/>
@@ -522,13 +522,13 @@ describe("t-if", () => {
     expect(normalize(renderToString(qweb, "test", context))).toBe("<div>andormgtnlt</div>");
   });
 
-  test("t-esc with t-if", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-if="true" t-esc="'x'"/></div>`);
+  test("t-out with t-if", () => {
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-if="true" t-out="'x'"/></div>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("<div>x</div>");
   });
 
-  test("t-esc with t-elif", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-if="false">abc</t><t t-else="" t-esc="'x'"/></div>`);
+  test("t-out with t-elif", () => {
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-if="false">abc</t><t t-else="" t-out="'x'"/></div>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("<div>x</div>");
   });
 
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@ describe("t-if", () => {
       `
       <div>
         <t t-set="title" t-value="'test'"/>
-        <t t-if="title"><t t-esc="title"/></t>
+        <t t-if="title"><t t-out="title"/></t>
       </div>`
     );
     const result = renderToString(qweb, "test");
@@ -812,14 +812,14 @@ describe("t-call (template calling", () => {
   });
 
   test("with used body", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("_callee-printsbody", '<h1><t t-esc="0"/></h1>');
+    qweb.addTemplate("_callee-printsbody", '<h1><t t-out="0"/></h1>');
     qweb.addTemplate("caller", '<t t-call="_callee-printsbody">ok</t>');
     const expected = "<h1>ok</h1>";
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "caller")).toBe(expected);
   });
 
   test("with used set body", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("_callee-uses-foo", '<t t-esc="foo"/>');
+    qweb.addTemplate("_callee-uses-foo", '<t t-out="foo"/>');
     qweb.addTemplate(
       "caller",
       `
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ describe("t-call (template calling", () => {
   });
 
   test("inherit context", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("_callee-uses-foo", '<t t-esc="foo"/>');
+    qweb.addTemplate("_callee-uses-foo", '<t t-out="foo"/>');
     qweb.addTemplate(
       "caller",
       `
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ describe("t-call (template calling", () => {
             <t t-call="_basic-callee">
                 <t t-set="foo" t-value="42"/>
             </t>
-            <t t-esc="foo"/>
+            <t t-out="foo"/>
         </div>
       `
     );
@@ -937,7 +937,7 @@ describe("t-call (template calling", () => {
                 </t>
             </div>
             <div t-name="nodeTemplate">
-                <p><t t-esc="node.val"/></p>
+                <p><t t-out="node.val"/></p>
                 <t t-foreach="node.children or []" t-as="subtree">
                     <t t-call="nodeTemplate">
                         <t t-set="node" t-value="subtree"/>
@@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ describe("t-call (template calling", () => {
                 </t>
             </div>
             <div t-name="nodeTemplate">
-                <p><t t-esc="node.val"/></p>
+                <p><t t-out="node.val"/></p>
                 <t t-foreach="node.children or []" t-as="subtree">
                     <t t-call="nodeTemplate">
                         <t t-set="node" t-value="subtree"/>
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ describe("t-call (template calling", () => {
             </div>
             <div t-name="nodeTemplate">
                 <t t-set="recursive_idx" t-value="recursive_idx + 1"/>
-                <p><t t-esc="node.val"/> <t t-esc="recursive_idx"/></p>
+                <p><t t-out="node.val"/> <t t-out="recursive_idx"/></p>
                 <t t-foreach="node.children or []" t-as="subtree">
                     <t t-call="nodeTemplate">
                         <t t-set="node" t-value="subtree"/>
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ describe("t-call (template calling", () => {
 
   test("t-call, conditional and t-set in t-call body", () => {
     QWeb.registerTemplate("callee1", "<div>callee1</div>");
-    QWeb.registerTemplate("callee2", '<div>callee2 <t t-esc="v"/></div>');
+    QWeb.registerTemplate("callee2", '<div>callee2 <t t-out="v"/></div>');
     QWeb.registerTemplate(
       "caller",
       `<div>
@@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ describe("t-call (template calling", () => {
           </t>
         </div>
         <t t-name="sub">
-          <span t-esc="val3"/>
+          <span t-out="val3"/>
         </t>
       </templates>
     `);
@@ -1075,8 +1075,8 @@ describe("t-call (template calling", () => {
           </t>
         </div>
         <t t-name="sub">
-          <span t-esc="val3"/>
-          <t t-esc="w"/>
+          <span t-out="val3"/>
+          <t t-out="w"/>
         </t>
         <p t-name="wrapper"><t t-set="w" t-value="'fromwrapper'"/><t t-call="main"/></p>
       </templates>
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ describe("t-call (template calling", () => {
   });
 
   test("t-call with t-set inside and body text content", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("sub", `<p><t t-esc="val"/></p>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("sub", `<p><t t-out="val"/></p>`);
     qweb.addTemplate(
       "main",
       `
@@ -1121,8 +1121,8 @@ describe("t-call (template calling", () => {
   });
 
   test("dynamic t-call", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("foo", `<foo><t t-esc="val"/></foo>`);
-    qweb.addTemplate("bar", `<bar><t t-esc="val"/></bar>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("foo", `<foo><t t-out="val"/></foo>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("bar", `<bar><t t-out="val"/></bar>`);
     qweb.addTemplate("main", `<div><t t-call="{{template}}"/></div>`);
     const expected = "<div><foo>foo</foo></div>";
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "main", { template: "foo", val: "foo" })).toBe(expected);
@@ -1141,7 +1141,7 @@ describe("foreach", () => {
       `
       <div>
         <t t-foreach="[3, 2, 1]" t-as="item">
-          [<t t-esc="item_index"/>: <t t-esc="item"/> <t t-esc="item_value"/>]
+          [<t t-out="item_index"/>: <t t-out="item"/> <t t-out="item_value"/>]
         </t>
     </div>`
     );
@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@ describe("foreach", () => {
       "test",
       `
       <div>
-        <span t-foreach="[1, 2]" t-as="item" t-key="item"><t t-esc="item"/></span>
+        <span t-foreach="[1, 2]" t-as="item" t-key="item"><t t-out="item"/></span>
     </div>`
     );
     const result = trim(renderToString(qweb, "test"));
@@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ describe("foreach", () => {
       `
       <div>
         <t t-foreach="Array(5)" t-as="elem">
-          -<t t-if="elem_first"> first</t><t t-if="elem_last"> last</t> (<t t-esc="elem_index"/>)
+          -<t t-if="elem_first"> first</t><t t-if="elem_last"> last</t> (<t t-out="elem_index"/>)
         </t>
       </div>`
     );
@@ -1184,7 +1184,7 @@ describe("foreach", () => {
       `
       <div>
         <t t-foreach="value" t-as="item">
-          [<t t-esc="item_index"/>: <t t-esc="item"/> <t t-esc="item_value"/>]
+          [<t t-out="item_index"/>: <t t-out="item"/> <t t-out="item_value"/>]
         </t>
       </div>`
     );
@@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ describe("foreach", () => {
     qweb.addTemplate(
       "test",
       `<div>
-        <t t-foreach="[1]" t-as="item"><t t-esc="item"/></t>
+        <t t-foreach="[1]" t-as="item"><t t-out="item"/></t>
       </div>`
     );
     const context = { __owl__: {} };
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ describe("foreach", () => {
       `<div>
         <t t-foreach="numbers" t-as="number">
           <t t-foreach="letters" t-as="letter">
-            [<t t-esc="number"/><t t-esc="letter"/>]
+            [<t t-out="number"/><t t-out="letter"/>]
           </t>
         </t>
       </div>`
@@ -1227,9 +1227,9 @@ describe("foreach", () => {
       "test_called",
       `<t>
         <t t-set="c" t-value="'x' + '_' + a + '_'+ b" />
-        [<t t-esc="a" />]
-        [<t t-esc="b" />]
-        [<t t-esc="c" />]
+        [<t t-out="a" />]
+        [<t t-out="b" />]
+        [<t t-out="c" />]
        </t>`
     );
     qweb.addTemplate(
@@ -1239,9 +1239,9 @@ describe("foreach", () => {
           <t t-foreach="letters" t-as="b">
             <t t-call="test_called" />
           </t>
-          <span t-esc="c"/>
+          <span t-out="c"/>
         </t>
-        <span>[<t t-esc="a" />][<t t-esc="b" />][<t t-esc="c" />]</span>
+        <span>[<t t-out="a" />][<t t-out="b" />][<t t-out="c" />]</span>
       </div>`
     );
     const context = { numbers: [1, 2, 3], letters: ["a", "b"] };
@@ -1254,9 +1254,9 @@ describe("foreach", () => {
     qweb.addTemplate(
       "test_called",
       `<t>
-        [<t t-esc="a" />]
-        [<t t-esc="b" />]
-        [<t t-esc="c" />]
+        [<t t-out="a" />]
+        [<t t-out="b" />]
+        [<t t-out="c" />]
        </t>`
     );
     qweb.addTemplate(
@@ -1268,9 +1268,9 @@ describe("foreach", () => {
               <t t-set="c" t-value="'x' + '_' + a + '_'+ b" />
             </t>
           </t>
-          <span t-esc="c"/>
+          <span t-out="c"/>
         </t>
-        <span>[<t t-esc="a" />][<t t-esc="b" />][<t t-esc="c" />]</span>
+        <span>[<t t-out="a" />][<t t-out="b" />][<t t-out="c" />]</span>
       </div>`
     );
     const context = { numbers: [1, 2, 3], letters: ["a", "b"] };
@@ -1296,7 +1296,7 @@ describe("foreach", () => {
       `
       <div>
         <t t-foreach="[1, 2]" t-as="item">
-          <span><t t-esc="item"/></span>
+          <span><t t-out="item"/></span>
         </t>
     </div>`
     );
@@ -1312,14 +1312,14 @@ describe("foreach", () => {
 describe("misc", () => {
   test("global", () => {
     qweb.addTemplate("_callee-asc", `<año t-att-falló="'agüero'" t-raw="0"/>`);
-    qweb.addTemplate("_callee-uses-foo", `<span t-esc="foo">foo default</span>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("_callee-uses-foo", `<span t-out="foo">foo default</span>`);
     qweb.addTemplate("_callee-asc-toto", `<div t-raw="toto">toto default</div>`);
     qweb.addTemplate(
       "caller",
       `
       <div>
         <t t-foreach="[4,5,6]" t-as="value">
-          <span t-esc="value"/>
+          <span t-out="value"/>
           <t t-call="_callee-asc">
             <t t-call="_callee-uses-foo">
                 <t t-set="foo" t-value="'aaa'"/>
@@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ describe("t-on", () => {
       `<div>
         <t t-foreach="projects" t-as="project">
           <a href="#" t-key="project" t-on-click.prevent="onEdit(project.id)">
-            Edit <t t-esc="project.name"/>
+            Edit <t t-out="project.name"/>
           </a>
         </t>
       </div>`
@@ -1767,9 +1767,9 @@ describe("t-on", () => {
     button.click();
   });
 
-  test("t-on combined with t-esc", async () => {
+  test("t-on combined with t-out", async () => {
     expect.assertions(3);
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><button t-on-click="onClick" t-esc="text"/></div>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><button t-on-click="onClick" t-out="text"/></div>`);
     const steps: string[] = [];
     const owner = {
       text: "Click here",
@@ -1852,7 +1852,7 @@ describe("t-ref", () => {
       `
       <div>
         <t t-foreach="items" t-as="item">
-          <div t-ref="{{item}}" t-key="item"><t t-esc="item"/></div>
+          <div t-ref="{{item}}" t-key="item"><t t-out="item"/></div>
         </t>
       </div>`
     );
@@ -2038,7 +2038,7 @@ describe("whitespace handling", () => {
 
 describe("t-key", () => {
   test("can use t-key directive on a node", () => {
-    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div t-key="beer.id"><t t-esc="beer.name"/></div>`);
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div t-key="beer.id"><t t-out="beer.name"/></div>`);
     expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { beer: { id: 12, name: "Chimay Rouge" } })).toBe(
       "<div>Chimay Rouge</div>"
     );
@@ -2048,7 +2048,7 @@ describe("t-key", () => {
     qweb.addTemplate(
       "test",
       `<ul>
-        <li t-foreach="beers" t-as="beer" t-key="beer.id"><t t-esc="beer.name"/></li>
+        <li t-foreach="beers" t-as="beer" t-key="beer.id"><t t-out="beer.name"/></li>
        </ul>`
     );
     expect(
diff --git a/tests/qweb/qweb_t_esc_t_raw.test.ts b/tests/qweb/qweb_t_esc_t_raw.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b770511c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qweb/qweb_t_esc_t_raw.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import { QWeb } from "../../src/qweb/index";
+import { renderToString } from "../helpers";
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Setup and helpers
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// We create before each test:
+// - qweb: a new QWeb instance
+
+let qweb: QWeb;
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  QWeb.TEMPLATES = {};
+  QWeb.nextId = 1;
+  qweb = new QWeb();
+});
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Tests
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+describe("old t-esc directive", () => {
+  test("simple dynamic value", () => {
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", '<t><t t-esc="text"/></t>');
+    expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { text: "hello vdom" })).toBe("hello vdom");
+  });
+
+  test("escaping", () => {
+    qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-esc="var"/></span>`);
+    expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { var: "<ok>abc</ok>" })).toBe(
+      "<span>&amp;lt;ok&amp;gt;abc&amp;lt;/ok&amp;gt;</span>"
+    );
+  });
+
+});
+
+describe("old t-raw directive", () => {
+    test("literal", () => {
+      qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-raw="'ok'"/></span>`);
+      expect(renderToString(qweb, "test")).toBe("<span>ok</span>");
+    });
+  
+    test("variable", () => {
+      qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-raw="var"/></span>`);
+      expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { var: "ok" })).toBe("<span>ok</span>");
+    });
+  
+    test("not escaping", () => {
+      qweb.addTemplate("test", `<div><t t-raw="var"/></div>`);
+      expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { var: "<ok></ok>" })).toBe("<div><ok></ok></div>");
+    });
+  
+    test("t-raw and another sibling node", () => {
+      qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><span>hello</span><t t-raw="var"/></span>`);
+      expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { var: "<ok>world</ok>" })).toBe(
+        "<span><span>hello</span><ok>world</ok></span>"
+      );
+    });
+  
+    test("t-raw with comment", () => {
+      qweb.addTemplate("test", `<span><t t-raw="var"/></span>`);
+      expect(renderToString(qweb, "test", { var: "<p>text<!-- top secret --></p>" })).toBe(
+        "<span><p>text<!-- top secret --></p></span>"
+      );
+    });
+  });
\ No newline at end of file